i have a small world

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"How about it, have you contacted Ling Tie and the others?"

Sheng Zheng once again asked the correspondent on the side. The correspondent of the warrior army had been contacting Ling Tie and the others since two hours ago. Unfortunately, Ling Tie and the others still had no reply after two hours had passed. ☆→,
"General, I'm sorry, we still can't get in touch with Captain Ling Tie and the others. General, should we continue to contact them?"

The communications staff member stepped forward to answer Sheng Zheng. Judging from the current situation, Ling Tie's communication equipment must have been broken. That's why they couldn't contact Ling Tie and the others.

"Still keep in touch, don't relax, maybe Ling Tie and the others will fix the communication equipment soon, understand?"

Sheng Zheng still didn't give up contacting Ling Tie and the others, because the positioning signals representing Ling Tie and the others had been flashing, and these signals were still moving towards the land. Obviously, Ling Tie and the others were definitely still alive, so Even if Ling Tie's communication equipment is broken, Sheng Zheng believes that Ling Tie and the others will try their best to repair the communication equipment and contact them.

Ling Tie and the others have the ability and strength to do this, and Ling Tie has no shortage of manpower to repair communication equipment.

"Understood, General, we will always try to contact Captain Ling Tie and the others, please rest assured, General!"

"Well, keep working hard!"

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Sheng Zheng was right.Ling Tie and the others are indeed repairing communication tools now, but Sheng Zheng made a mistake in thinking about it.That is, it is really difficult for Ling Tie and the others to repair the communication tools.

"How about it. College student, can the communication equipment be repaired?"

College students are the nicknames of soldiers who practice communication equipment. In the army, especially in some special forces, names are rarely called, and nicknames are used instead.

The nickname "college student" means that this soldier was a college student before he heard it.

"Head, the communication equipment is too broken. Even the backup communication equipment is badly broken. The parts in the two sets of communication equipment are all added up, and even the parts of one set of communication equipment are not complete. So, Captain..."

The college student looked at Ling Tie helplessly. He had checked the two sets of communication equipment in detail just now, but it was a pity.The wave they experienced just now was really too big, so both sets of communication equipment were damaged by the wave, and now they want to repair them.It's hard, it's hard!

"Hey...!" The college student's answer made Ling Tie sigh, the communication equipment was broken.How can they contact Sheng Zheng and the others now? It can be said that this mission has failed so far.According to the procedure, he had to report to Sheng Zhengcai as soon as possible.But now that the communication equipment is broken, how can he still contact Sheng Zheng.

"Forget it, let's take it one step at a time, college student, think about a way and see if you can get in touch with the generals. If you can't get in touch, it's okay. Now we are dead horses as living horse doctors." Ling Tie When he said this, his tone was full of helplessness, and he had already accepted his fate now.

"Understood, leader, I will try my best to find a way to contact, contact the general and the others to see, don't worry, leader, I will work hard!"

"Well, that's good, work hard!" After saying this, Ling Tie turned around and came to the other end of the lifeboat, where Xu Chang and the others were.

"Brother Xu, you have been out in the sea many times before. Do you know that there are any islands around here? Our current supplies have all fallen into the sea, so it is best for us to find an island to recuperate. Besides.

Especially now that we have no fresh water at all, so we have to find an island as soon as possible, otherwise, we will be thirsty to death. "After arranging the work of college students, Ling Tie began to worry about food and fresh water.

People are most inseparable from food and fresh water, and the status of fresh water is even higher. Without food, people can survive for a week even if they drink water, but without fresh water, you can die of thirst within three days, so Now Ling Tie's top priority is to find enough fresh water.

Regardless of whether all the sea is water, it is not fresh water, but sea water. The human body needs fresh water, not sea water.

Seawater contains a lot of salt, so if you drink seawater when you are thirsty, your mouth will seem to be able to quench your thirst, but your body will actually be more dehydrated.

What's more, there are a lot of harmful substances in seawater, drinking too much seawater is very bad for people's health.

"I'm very sorry, Captain Ling, I just came to the secret martial arts realm not long ago, and I don't know the sea area of ​​the martial arts secret realm very well, so I don't know what islands are here."

Xu Chang said apologetically that the sea in the martial arts secret realm is too dangerous, and there are too many wild beasts, so fishermen who usually go out to sea will not go far to avoid being attacked by sea-born wild beasts.

"Hey, it's really a house leak and it's raining at night!" Ling Tie's last hope was shattered, and he couldn't help but feel a little frustrated in his heart: "tmd, this mission is really not going well, hey... ...!"

In desperation, Ling Tie directly slapped the sea. In an instant, there was a loud boom on the sea, and then, a five-meter-high wave rushed directly into the sky.

Ling Tie's current cultivation base is already at the third level of the day after tomorrow, so it is easy to arouse the power of the palm, and it is also because of this that the power of the palm struck by Ling Tie is so powerful.

"Hehe, Commander Ling, you want to get angry. We can't find islands and get fresh water, but we won't be troubled by fresh water. Commander Ling, this is the sea, and there is fresh water in the sea. Just look at it. Do you have the heart to find it?"

With a confident expression on Xu Chang's face, he talked about surviving on the vast sea.He, an old fisherman, is more experienced than Ling Tie and other special forces.

"Oh, brother Xu, do you have a way to find fresh water?" Ling Tie stepped forward and asked with joy.

"Hehe. Commander Ling, look at the place where you hit the palm just now. There is fresh water and food you need there." Xu Chang didn't explain much, but directly asked Ling Tie to look at the sea surface where he just struck the palm.

"Just now I hit the surface of the sea with palm force, what does this mean?" Ling Tie's head was full of question marks and looked at the surface of the sea where he just struck with palm force. Looking there, Ling Tie found more than a dozen people floating on the sea surface A fish weighing five or six catties.

As soon as he saw these fishes stunned by the force of his palm, a light flashed in Ling Tie's mind, and he instantly understood the meaning of what Xu Chang said just now, indeed, the problem of fresh water and food.Solved now.

"Brother Xu, it's really you. You have contributed the most to this incident!" Ling Tie stepped forward to thank Xu Chang. As soon as he saw those fish, Ling Tie knew the source of fresh water and food. With these sea fish, they Where will I die of thirst and starvation.

There is really no fresh water in the sea.It seems that apart from the rain from the sky, the morning dew, and the fresh water on the island, it is difficult to find fresh water.However, if you really look for it, the sea is actually full of fresh water.

The sea is full of salt.However, those fish bodies living in the sea.No salt, so.The meat of sea fish is the best food and fresh water supplement for people in distress. When there is not enough food and fresh water.

Although you cannot collect fresh water in the body of sea fish, as long as you eat the flesh of sea fish, at least you will not die of thirst. There is still a lot of fresh water in the flesh of sea fish, which is enough to replenish the water missing in your body.

In fact, Ling Tie also knows the knowledge that the meat of sea fish can supplement the fresh water of the human body. Special forces like them must understand this knowledge, but this time it happened too suddenly, especially this time. It can be said that it failed, so Ling Tie lost his square inch for a while, and because of this, he didn't think about it.

However, as soon as Xu Chang said it, Ling Tie immediately recalled the matter, and because of this, Ling Tie's worries about food and fresh water disappeared.

Eating raw fish and meat is difficult for ordinary people, but it is easy for special forces. In the training of special forces, there is a lesson in eating raw food.

In the training of eating raw food, the special soldiers eat more disgusting things than fish, such as maggots, earthworms, caterpillars, etc. These things are disgusting to look at, but they are not I ate it without hesitation.

If you want to become a special soldier, you must pass this test, and people like Ling Tie are already special soldiers, so eating raw food is really not a difficult task for Ling Tie and the others.

Eating raw fish not only won't cause trouble for Ling Tie and the others, but also won't cause trouble for Xu Chang.Fishermen who live by the sea and have been fishing for a living often eat some raw seafood or sea fish, so eating raw sea fish is no problem for Xuchang.

"Captain Ling, you are really flattering me. I believe that even if I don't tell you, you can still remember that I just pushed the boat with the flow!" Facing Ling Tie's exaggeration, Xu Chang became humble.

This is not Xu Chang's pretending, but Xu Chang really doesn't think what he said just now has any credit. Accept Ling Tie's compliment cheekily.

"Hehe, anyway, thank you Brother Xu this time. At least I didn't remind you, Brother Xu. It will take a lot of time for me to think about this matter. Now for us, time is a race against time, so, Brother Xu, thank you again!"

"Leader Ling, we don't want to thank you here and there. We are all on the same boat, so you are helping yourself, Captain Ling. Is this the truth?"

"Hahaha... Brother Xu is right. We are all in the same boat. Helping others is like helping yourself. Well, Brother Xu said it very well. Brother Xu, from now on, you will be my Ling Tie Brother, hahaha..."

As a soldier, Ling Tie's temperament is not like that of a mother-in-law. Therefore, since Xu Chang has said so, Ling Tie will never be a mother-in-law again.

"Okay, this time I can hand over to Captain Ling..."

"Yeah. Brother Xu, you still call me Captain Ling. This is too strange, um... Brother Xu, in this way, I am a few years older than you, so you call me Brother Ling. Since I am a brother, Be kinder in terms of address.”

Ling Tie directly interrupted Xu Chang's words. Ling Tie was dissatisfied with Xu Chang calling himself Captain Ling.Therefore, Ling Tie directly asked Xu Chang to call him Brother Ling, so that he seemed intimate, right?

"This...! This...!" Xu Chang hesitated a little. It was really hard for Xu Chang to call Ling Tie Ling Ge. The identities of him and Ling Tie were too far apart. How could Xu Chang dare to call Ling Tie Ling Brother Ling Tie for a while.

"Mother-in-law, what are you doing, Xu Chang, although I am now a team leader, I am also born as an ordinary person. So, you can rest assured to call me Brother Ling. Since we are brothers, where did you come up with other ideas. Xu Chang, call me Brother Ling."

Why Xu Chang hesitated, of course Ling Tie is clear.Not being the head of the group, Xu Chang is still an ordinary fisherman.But he is the head of the regiment, the head of the special forces.Therefore, for a while, Xu Chang couldn't let go of his hands and feet.

This is not just a problem in Xuchang. When many ordinary people meet some officials, they will not let go. This is completely different from foreign countries. In foreign countries, even if ordinary people meet the president, many people can Treat it calmly.

So why is there such a big difference between China and foreign countries?In fact, it is closely related to the cultural inheritance of scholar-bureaucrats in China for thousands of years.

In feudal society, in order to strengthen their management and improve their status, the rulers artificially divided people into four levels: scholars, farmers, workers, and merchants. Different levels have different statuses. Once people of a certain level want to If you want to cross his level, you will be severely punished, so severe that you can even kill someone.

Scholars: It began to refer to the lowest aristocratic class in the Shang, Western Zhou, and Spring and Autumn Periods.However, at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, taxis occupied land and slaves.Scholars in the Spring and Autumn Period were the main force of the army militarily. Politically, they served as retainers of high officials. Economically, they either had food or salary.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, due to social and economic changes, they lost the privileges of the nobility and acquired ownership of small pieces of land, which gradually transformed into a part of the landlord class or self-cultivating farmers.At the same time, a large number of scholars specialized in ideology and education emerged, and the Chinese intellectual class began to take shape.

"Book. Jiugao": "Common scholars have righteousness, and those who are superior to uncles and gentlemen will listen to my teachings."

"Poetry. Xiaoya. Praying for the Father": "Pray for the father, give it to the king's claws, turn it around and give it to the shirt, and stop it."

"The Analects of Confucius. Liren": "Scholars aspire to the Tao, but are ashamed of those who wear bad clothes and eat poorly, which is not enough to discuss."

"Zuo Zhuan. The Seventh Year of Zhaogong": "Governors and officials, scholars and ministers." Yang Bojun commented and quoted Yu Zhengxie's "Guijilei Manuscript. Servant Taiyi": "A scholar is the leader of a guard.

Nong: also known as "farmer", "farmer", "farmer" and so on.Includes owner farmers, sharecroppers and hired farmers.

The main producers in China's feudal era, the basic class that was oppressed and exploited in Chinese history.During the Spring and Autumn Period, they belonged to feudal lords, and their status was similar to that of slaves.The Warring States period began to be ruled by landlords.

The way of land-owner-class-exploitation-exploitation of peasants, before Zhao and Song Dynasties was mainly labor-servant land-renting, and later it was mainly renting out land to extract real ground rent.

"Poetry. Xiaoya. Futian": "Zhuobi Futian, take ten thousand years old. I take the old ones, and eat my farmers."

Mao Chuan: "The venerable eats the new, and the farmer eats the old."

"Guliang Biography. Chenggong Year": "In the ancient state, all the officials and tools, farmers and workers all had jobs to do things. The ancients had four peoples, there were scholars, there were merchants, there were farmers, and there were workers."

"Hanshu. Shihuozhi [-]": "Today's farmer's family of five, there are no fewer than two people who serve in the service. Those who can plow are no more than a hundred, and the harvest of a hundred is no more than a hundred stones. Spring plowing and summer cultivation, autumn harvesting winter harvest, Cutting woodcutters, governing the government, and serving as slaves; not sheltering from wind and dust in spring, heat in summer, cloudy and rainy in autumn, cold in winter, and resting between four o'clock; , Raising orphans, elders and children in it. Hard work, still being flooded and drought, rushing to collect violent taxes, collecting taxes from time to time, and changing from day to night. When the owner sells half of the business, the dead takes the interest of double the name, so There are those who sell their fields and houses to their descendants to pay off their debts."

Volume [-] of "The Collection of Ancient and Modern Books. Zhan Fang Dian" quotes "Huang Zhi": "The capital of the upper farm is huge. The sub-agricultural self-sufficient industry does not rely on others. The lower farm does not have an inch of land, and it is all dependent on others. "

Workers: All kinds of handicraft workers, such as craftsmen.

Shang: As the name suggests, it is a businessman.

Ancient Chinese society roughly divided people into the categories of "scholars, farmers, businessmen and commerce".The first document in which these words appear is "Guanzi": "Scholars, farmers, businessmen and four people are the country's stone people."It can be considered from this.The classification of scholars, farmers, industry and commerce probably appeared as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Among the scholars, farmers, businessmen, scholars have the highest status.lowest status.The general understanding is this: Scholars are probably scholars and managers with good morals, farmers are probably our current farmers, workers are probably people engaged in handicrafts, and merchants are probably businessmen.

Why is it that scholars have the highest status and merchants have the lowest status?Many people think that this is due to the decadent ideas of Confucianism, and use this as a basis to explain why capitalism did not first occur in China, etc. All in all, they probably think that Confucianism is not a good thing.Scholars, farmers, commerce and industry are also dross, and they are also poisonous to the Chinese people.

In fact, the Confucian four-class division of "scholars, farmers, businessmen" has its historical inevitability. The theory of "emphasizing agriculture and despising business" has maintained the normal development of society most of the time during the long history of Chinese development. In the end, it turns into a hindrance to society.

Next, let's talk in detail about the reasons and basis for the four-class division of Confucian scholars, farmers, businessmen, and businessmen.

[-]. The class of "scholar" represents scholars and cultural people. Those who can read and write and participate in the national assessment are called "scholars".

Confucianism listed "scholars" as the first class, although there is suspicion of self-aggrandizement, but since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "dismissed a hundred schools of thought and only respected Confucianism", "Confucian scholars" almost completely occupied the intellectual class, while other classes basically Illiterate and semi-literate, as the only social class with knowledge and learning. There is nothing wrong with "scholars" becoming the first class.

Especially the emperor at that time, his general view was to "attract Confucian scholars, win over Confucian scholars, use Confucian scholars, and transform Confucian scholars".Only when this is done, can the emperor sit on the throne with peace of mind.

[-]. "Agricultural" surpassed "business" and became the second class. The idea of ​​"emphasizing agriculture over business" is widely criticized, and it is believed that it is this idea that hinders the development and progress of industry and commerce.But we must not forget the historical environment, the extremely low agricultural productivity is the historical reality.

Survival is the most basic human need.Under the premise of losing survival, talking about anything is empty and useless.

Abnormally low agricultural productivity is reflected in the following aspects: 1. The varieties of agricultural crops are primitive, and the ability to prevent and control agricultural diseases and insect pests is low, resulting in low yield per unit of crops. You can get a general idea by looking up the agricultural data of previous dynasties, or A simple comparison of the yield per mu in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the current yield per mu can also be used as a reference;
2. A large amount of labor is required to obtain output per unit of farmland area - arable land, sowing (transplanting), irrigation, fertilization, weeding, harvesting, processing (threshing, grinding) and so on. The labor methods are primitive and basically rely on manpower (a small amount of animal power is used), and the demand for the number of agricultural labor force is high;

3. The ability to defend against natural disasters is even lower. Droughts, floods, and locust plagues have fatal impacts on agricultural harvests.

4. The methods of deep processing and storage of agricultural products are primitive, and the surplus grain in good years cannot be saved for a long time to deal with the crisis in disaster years.

If people can't even eat enough to eat, and their survival cannot be guaranteed, what else is there to talk about?A year of catastrophe often turns into a year of turmoil.The level of agricultural productivity represents the proportion and quantity of the agricultural population that can support other populations.

If this problem cannot be solved, the possible consequences of any excessive snatching of agricultural labor resources are disasters or disasters.

From a historical point of view, there is nothing wrong with Confucianism’s starting point for emphasizing agricultural production. The measures taken include “restricting the loss of agricultural population”—suppressing business and controlling population migration; However, while increasing labor resources, it also increased the total social demand for agricultural products; "Garrification of land and wasteland, increasing the proportion of agricultural population and the area of ​​arable land" - "Min Tun" and "Military Tun" are often reclaimed wasteland ,etc.

In general, it is to support more other groups of people by increasing the total amount of agricultural population and cultivated land. However, since the improvement of agricultural productivity level is a long-term process, it is not enough to quickly change the proportion of the social population.

Confucianism's "emphasis on agriculture" has been a very correct political decision-making for a long historical period, and it is the cornerstone of social stability and development. It is historically inevitable to list "agriculture" as the second class of society.Hastily criticizing Confucianism for "emphasizing agriculture and ignoring business" is a manifestation of lack of historical common sense.

In fact, there are two very real examples before everyone. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, China started the process of China-social-social-industrial-industrialization.A "big-leap-forward" erroneous idea destroyed normal agricultural production, and the result was that countless lives were paid in the "three-year natural disaster".Factors such as changes in the international environment and foreign aid can only be regarded as auxiliary factors that exacerbate the degree of harm.

In the past two years, the agricultural-industry-production-production-situation-situation-deterioration had just emerged in China. The central government immediately made solving the "three rural" issues a top priority, and adjusted all of them through policy adjustments. The resulting "economic leverage" adjusts the overall structure of the social economy and solves agricultural problems—do you think that the decision-makers at the central government haven't gotten rid of the idea of ​​"emphasizing agriculture over business"?
"Agriculture is the foundation of the country", this is a truth that must never be forgotten!

[-]. As the third class of society, "workers" are responsible for the production and improvement of other living materials and labor production tools in society.

In addition to having a full stomach, people also need necessary daily necessities and other living materials, and tools are also needed for labor production, although they do not produce food to satisfy their hunger.But also an integral part of society - so Confucianism puts them in third place.

Confucianism is not ignorant of the role of "work" in promoting society: "If a worker wants to do a good job, he must first sharpen his tools" is often quoted by Confucianism. The contribution made in the field of "products"-the four words "Qi-Xiao-Qiqi" itself reflect very clearly.

It’s just that it’s often used as a metaphor for new things introduced from the West (there are indeed many "prostitution-handy tools" of no practical value in the imported things, which are deliberately out of the "self-importance" of the Central Kingdom. Belittling, not yet aware of the real value and many other reasons), and led to China's backwardness, as a result, the original meaning of these four words was forgotten.

Fourth, "businessmen" have become the fourth class, so everyone thinks that Confucianism belittles businessmen and drives them into the bottom of society.

In fact, this understanding is very one-sided.Without the exchange of commercial activities and social products, society cannot become a complete society. It is precisely because of this understanding that Confucianism adds "business" as an indispensable part of society to the ranks of "scholars, farmers, businessmen" come.

Outside of "Scholar, Agriculture, Industry and Commerce".Monks, nuns, servants (especially eunuchs), thieves, beggars, prostitutes, actors, bastards, drummers (musicians), etc., are what Confucianism really despises and opposes, and drives them into society The lowest level (except monks, nuns, eunuchs and the like. Because of its special existence and often being valued by the emperor, Confucianism can only be attacked occasionally. Most of the time, it can only win spiritual victory with noble contempt and disdain ).

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, families who committed serious crimes were often demoted to pariah, and changed to low sex.It can be seen that only some of the above-mentioned cheap jobs are allowed as punishment.

The basis of Confucianism’s division is actually very easy to understand, that is, those engaged in production activities and producing actual social products have a high status, and those who do not engage in production activities and produce no output have a low status (of course, emperors, generals, officials at all levels, Confucian scholars, etc.) The exception is those who occupy the ruling class) - their existence consumes limited social resources and requires more working people to support them. Standing in the historical background at that time, such a theory has its advancement and inevitability of.

The behavior of business itself does not produce any social products, but it is necessary for society, so Confucianism puts "business" as the last socially necessary class.On the one hand, it recognizes the necessity of its existence, and on the other hand, it restricts its development.

Under the environment of feudal society, "business" itself also had considerable historical limitations. The development of "business" was restricted by many aspects. The basis of commercial circulation was transportation, but due to the backwardness of transportation, the cost of commercial transportation is quite high.Land transportation mainly relies on manpower and animal power. People eat horses and chew, and the speed is slow and consumes a lot of money, not to mention the transportation across complex geographical environments.

Taking the salt necessary for life as an example, Jiang-Su (Huai Salt) and Guang-Dong (Yue Salt) both have very high yields, but the basic It is Huai-Salt, while Guangdong Salt is blocked by Nan-Ling.

Inland waterway transportation is the only transportation method that can realize cheap and large-scale transportation in ancient times.All ancient central cities were built near water, and Emperor Yangdi of Sui Dynasty excavated the Grand Canal and made great contributions to China's economic development.However, water transportation also has constraints such as waterways, natural climate and water conditions.

As for shipping.Under the scientific and technological conditions of feudal society, it can almost be ignored for the time being. The navigation technology was basically matured in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The most important point is that there is no modern weather and sea forecast, and the ship’s ability to resist risks is low. , The risk of navigation is much greater than that of inland waterway transportation. Once the risk cost is added to the transportation cost, it will only be much higher than land transportation and inland waterway transportation.

Therefore, in ancient society, the four different class positions of scholars, farmers, workers, and merchants were still necessary, otherwise.The society will be in chaos. However, it is precisely because of the influence of these ancient thoughts that people today, when facing officials, naturally have a sense of inferiority in their hearts.

Especially in the hearts of many people nowadays, the idea of ​​official standard is extremely serious.

The "official standard thought" is a kind of value that regards officials as the foundation, regards officials as the most valuable, and regards officials as the main content.

China's 2000-year-old feudal dictatorship culture has made this kind of ideology penetrate into all levels of Chinese society, and it can even be said to be a part of Chinese culture, that is, the "dross" part.

'Everything is inferior.Only reading is high', 'Ten years of hard work, no one asks, and once you become famous, the world knows', these inspirational mantras were familiar to us when we were young.In fact, it is a true portrayal of the official standard thought.

China is a society that emphasizes "officials". People want to be officials, but they are all afraid of them.The idea of ​​official standard has reached the point of perfection in Chinese feudal society.

What is official position?The official position is first of all a kind of institutional setting and institutional arrangement.The official standard has been passed down in China for thousands of years.In feudal society, princes and generals.Officials are divided into nine ranks, forming a huge and strict official standard system.

The whole society is integrated into the institutional structure of the state-family-administration-administration system.All people, all organizations and departments are classified into the administrative-administrative sequence, their levels are stipulated, their administrative-administrative powers are divided, and they are finally subject to unified administrative-administrative control. The land of the king; the shore of the land, could it be the king's minister".

The bureaucratic system and social power structure under the feudal system were strict and systematic, highly centralized and hierarchical. The whole society was a pyramid built with administrative power, and the top of the tower was the emperor.

In this pagoda-shaped institutional structure, the hierarchy is strict, the superior is superior and the inferior is inferior, and the boundaries are clearly defined, which cannot be overstepped.The greater the official, the greater the power, the higher the treatment, and the more prominent the status.

There is not a two-way interactive relationship between the superior and the subordinate, but the subordinate is completely subordinate to the superior, and everything is obeyed by the superior; as far as the subordinate officials are concerned, everything is only responsible to the superior officials who can determine their personal destiny.

Under the single-line political system, it is not ruled by overall rules, order, and legal principles, but individual rule; it is not governed by legal procedures, but by the will of the chief; not by the law— Governance', but 'People - Governance'.

In modern society, being an official still has privileges, you can get more benefits than others, you can get people's respect, and you can also have high status in obtaining information.

Official standard is a kind of ideology, a kind of value orientation.

As a kind of awareness and value orientation, it refers to taking officials as the foundation, power as the key link, and official career as the choice of personal career. At the same time, being an official is used to judge the value of life.

Everything is for being an official, and being an official is for everything. Once you have an official position, you can enshrine your wife, shade your son, and honor your ancestors.

In the feudal society with strict hierarchy, the official is the head of all careers, and only by embarking on an official career can he stand out.People in the lower class of society have no other way but to become officials if they want to get rid of poverty and low social status.

People regard 'promotion' as the only way to get ahead.To study is to be an official, and being an official means honoring one's ancestors.Ever since, "study and excellence will lead to official career" and "bridal chamber wedding night, when the gold list is named" have become two blessings in life.

Even businessmen are no exception.The purpose of many businessmen in business is ultimately to engage in politics, to use money to 'donate' or 'buy officials'. 'Selling official titles' makes official positions have a strong buyer's market.

Official standard consciousness is the ideological reflection of the feudal bureaucratic system, and it maintains and serves the bureaucratic centralized system. The various expressions after 'Fan Jinzhongju' are the vivid and true portrayal of this concept.

The official position is also a social phenomenon.as a social phenomenon.It means that being an official has dignity, and having power has everything.People regard officials as valuable.Officials are respected, and the society has formed a way to measure a person's value, achievement, and status by the size of an official position.

This creates a kind of admiration and awe for power, official position, and officials.In turn, it leads to the prevalence of the will of the chief, the concept of power supremacy, and the awareness of dependence and its phenomena.

Official position can measure everything: political treatment, social reputation, economic benefits, salary, housing size, and special car grade.Official rank not only affects the living, but whether there is a memorial service after death, whether the eulogy is long or short, who pays for the burial, and where the burial is, all depend on the size of the official position.

All kinds of conferences, even academic conferences or professional conferences, executive-government leaders must sit in the front row, and pay special attention to the level of leadership participation and seat arrangement, so that the meeting seat arrangement is the biggest knowledge of government conference management. The leader and subordinates also depend on how many officials he is equivalent to.

Now the phenomenon of bureaucracy has covered the whole society, and even children are infected with bureaucracy-addiction.

A small class with dozens of people.In addition to the squad leader and deputy squad leader, there are also study committee members, labor committee members, health committee members, sports committee members, and art committee members. The Young Pioneers system also includes large captains, squadron captains, and small captains. Those with official titles account for more than half of the class.

Children often fight for an extra "bar".If there is no way to arrange it, I can be a department representative.

A child is happy for a week when he is a student on duty, because he has never been a class cadre, and a student on duty can have at least a week of official-addiction.The most serious thing is that the parents do not hesitate to treat the teachers and give gifts in order to find a job for their children.

It can be seen from this.What are the evil effects of official standard thinking!

Official standard is not a strict scientific concept but a popular saying, which first appeared in the [-]s.This statement originated from a special term in economics - the gold standard.

The gold standard refers to a monetary system in which gold is the standard currency.Use gold as a single measure of value to measure the value of other commodities.

From this point of view, when the term was first proposed, the official standard had at least one meaning: whether to be an official was regarded as a core social value measure to measure an individual's social status and value.With the development of society.Its meaning is gradually enriched, and it is not limited to this.

Official standard is the alienation of the original meaning of official.Originally, official is a more pleasant name: official who handles the official affairs of the country.officials.Public also.

"Hanshu? Gai Kuanrao Biography" said: "The five emperors are officials in the world, and the three kings are in the world. Families pass on sons, and officials pass on virtuous people." "

"Shuo Yuan Zhi Gong": "Dr. Bao Bailingzhi said to Qin Shihuang: 'The officials of the world will let the virtuous. The family of the world will be broken. Therefore, the five emperors regard the world as their official, and the three kings regard the world as their family." It can be seen that the original meaning of official is " For the public".

It is precisely because of the connection with "public" that there is a good story about Yao and Shun abdicating.Han Feizi said in his famous article "Five Beetles", "It is said that the old man who gave up to the world was to go to the prison to support him and leave the labor of his subjects, so it is not enough to pass it on to the world."

But later, people's concept changed.That is to say, in Han Fei's era, there was a thought of emphasizing officials in the society: "Today's county magistrate will die in one day, and his descendants will live forever, so the old man is the most important."

With the development of history to today, people's concept of officials has undergone tremendous changes, and the idea of ​​official standard has gradually formed.

Throughout history and reality, the official standard includes at least these four connotations: the operation of public power takes the interests and will of "officials" as the most fundamental starting point and foothold;

Strict upper and lower level system, the lower level is the leader of the higher level, and the higher level has absolute power over the lower level;

The social psychology of measuring people's social status and life value by taking whether they are an official, the size of the official position, and the level of the official rank as the yardstick, or referring to the rank of the official rank;

On this basis, the social psychology of respecting and fearing officials is formed.

In daily life, people often use this concept in multiple senses, "it includes official-based consciousness, official-based thinking, official-based culture, official-based mechanism, official-based phenomenon, and official-based behavior."

It is this kind of official standard thinking that makes many ordinary people can't help but bow down when facing officials. The current Xuchang is the best example.

Ling Tie is the head of the regiment, and he is also the head of the special forces. Putting such an identity in the society, it is equivalent to the status of the mayor. Facing a big mayor, how dare he fight with a small civilian like Xu Chang? fraternal. (It’s a good event for pie in the sky, cool mobile phones are waiting for you! Follow it~ click on the official account (add friends on WeChat-add official account-enter dd), and participate immediately! Everyone has a prize, now follow dd WeChat immediately Official account!) (To be continued..)
ps: Note: Thank you Zhixiu for your support, thank you!