i have a small world
Chapter 1463 Shaking Hands
The lotus flower has always been displayed in front of people with a beautiful image, it symbolizes incorruptibility and nobility. %top%.Point%.Fiction But in today’s society where deceit is the reality, high-ranking officials accept bribes, do not give money and do nothing. Shouldn’t we ask ourselves, in the mud of the society? Among them, there must be very few who dare to guarantee that they are "not stained"!
People will always sell-sell-conscience for a little self-interest!Even Gao Jie can't compare to human desires.
In ancient times, Tao Yuanming resigned from office, Du Fu devoted himself to serving the people, and Yu Qian had a clean hand. What about today's society?Either corrupt-official-filthy-officials or treacherous-fraudulent-little-people.what should we do?From ancient times to the present, technology and culture are progressing, but the quality of people is not as good as each generation.
Can the silt not be stained?Reality teaches us --- can't.
Although Xu Chang is now a quasi-martial artist, he is still a fisherman and an ordinary person in essence. Therefore, he doesn't understand the big truths such as "get out of the mud without being stained". Red, those who are close to ink are black'!
I believe that in the eyes of many ordinary people, they also have the same idea as Xu Chang. When most ordinary people look at people, they choose to believe that "the one who is close to vermilion is red, and the one who is close to ink is black!" 'This sentence, I believe even you will have the same idea.
For example, when looking at those who have been in prison or some gamblers, many people will look at them with a wink, always thinking that these people are not good people, and they have to be careful when getting along with these people just work.
Even if these people have reformed themselves, they have even become a successful person.He has become a more successful person than most ordinary people, but.There will still be many people looking at him with colored glasses, and they will continue to talk about him in private, and they don't believe that this person has changed his past.
As everyone knows, many people who have been in prison have once again embarked on the road of crime. The road of broken pots and broken falls.Thus embarked on a road of no return.
Therefore, in your life, don't look at people with colored glasses.Because once you look at people and things with colored glasses, you may eventually miss many beautiful things in life, and you may even hurt yourself unintentionally.or someone else.
One person works hard.The sky is still beautiful, the dream is still pure, let yourself go, fly bravely in the sky of your dreams, and believe that you must do better.Memories of the old hurt and tears fall freely, hope for dreams and wish to smile, cowardly people are afraid of loneliness, rational people know how to enjoy loneliness and don't look at people with colored glasses
For example.When you make friends after you join the work, you need to take off the colored glasses in your eyes.
Although there are all kinds of liars in society now.There are all kinds of hypocritical people, and there are many examples of being deceived around you. Therefore, you will choose to be very careful when making friends, fearing that others will use your kindness and sincerity to deceive your feelings.
Those who want to make friends with you, you will verify his identity time and time again, test each other time and time again, and try to minimize the risk factor as much as possible. Doing so is responsible for yourself, but you don’t know that because of yourself His scruples also hurt others invisibly.
Once a person wears colored glasses, he will be very picky when looking at people, and he will definitely hurt the other person.
Life does not require colored glasses. For today's modern youth, the purpose of entering an optical shop may no longer be to choose a pair of myopia glasses for themselves, but to carefully choose a pair of colored glasses that suits their temperament in front of the colored glasses counter. Glasses.
Thick ink, dark green, light orange... There are so many beautiful things, and they are worn in turn. The world seems to be covered with black clouds for a while, for a while the forest is deep and deep, and for a while the wind blows dust... Only when you take it off, can you see the true colors of the world. Only then can we see the colorful world.
In fact, in life, some people often only see one aspect of life and ignore the others. This is like a person who puts colored glasses on himself. And things need to get rid of the interference of colored glasses.
As far as human scientific research is concerned, as a part of human life, it must never be viewed with colored glasses.
As we all know, scientific research requires a lot of manpower, material resources, and financial resources, and sometimes even life as a price. However, should we give up scientific research because of these sacrifices?Naturally not, because without exploration, there will be no progress, which will lead to stagnation or even regression of a nation's progress, and ultimately it can only be passively beaten in the international competition environment where the jungle preys on the jungle.
I think, for this point, people who are familiar with modern Chinese history should have a deep understanding-the late-Qing-government-government is precisely because it puts colored glasses on itself, so that it will be self-indulgent in its own political rule, Ignoring the progressive trend of the world, it eventually became the fish and meat divided by the great powers.
Of course, the question of You-Ken-Da-Xiu-nv, who represents humanistic feelings, also has some truth. A pair of colored glasses that emotion trumps reason.
It is good to have compassion and sympathy for the weak, but it is even more fatal to only focus on the present without knowing how to look into the future.
Just like the ups and downs of the invention of the microscope, no one knew at the beginning what the use of the small lens would be. Just as Li Bai wrote in a poem, "I am born to be useful", the existence and creation of everything has its own reasons. meaning, and this kind of meaning often needs to be precipitated over time. Therefore, if you look at something with colored glasses from the beginning and kill the seedlings of creation in the cradle, people may end up losing a lot of valuable things. The invention of meaning.
What's more, I think whether we treat things from the perspective of humanistic feelings or scientific spirit, we are essentially considering the long-term development of human beings, since the original purpose is the same.So the two are not contradictory, but complementary.
Therefore, it is one-sided and extreme no matter from which point of view.Only by combining the two, recognizing the advantages and disadvantages between the two, making use of their strengths and avoiding their weaknesses is the wisest choice.
As we know, tinted glasses are colored because their lenses can only pass through one color of light, and the world seen through tinted glasses is mostly ugly and deformed, for a long time.Not only will it change our aesthetics, but it will even change our outlook on the world, outlook on life and values, thereby affecting our inner health.
From this point of view.When facing various problems in life, we should take off our colored glasses and look at problems more comprehensively and objectively, so that things can play their best role.Promote the common development of human society.
In life, not only don't look at people with colored glasses.And don't look at matter with colored glasses.
To use an analogy, I believe many people will feel the same about this analogy, that is, the matter of your girlfriend or wife in cosmetics.
Women are naturally beautiful, so they will be very concerned about their appearance, as long as they have time, they will paint their faces, dress themselves up, and show off everywhere.My wife is the same, as long as it is something above the cosmetics.She absolutely doesn't care about the price. In fact, they don't know that the cosmetics they put on their faces every day are very harmful to the skin.
For example, let’s take the nail polish used by women, so my wife and I searched the Internet for the ingredients and hazards of nail polish, and did experiments on the reaction between egg whites and nail polish.After that, she said disappointedly, "Look, the nails are so beautiful after applying nail polish, so can't the toxic chemicals such as formaldehyde be changed into harmless ones?" After listening to her words, I fell into deep thought.
In recent years, with the advancement of chemical technology, some new chemical substances have been continuously synthesized, and these new substances are accompanied by hazards.
When it comes to lean-meat-essence, su-dan-red, formaldehyde and other substances, people can't help gnashing their teeth and complaining about the people who synthesized and produced them.Are lean-meat-essence, su-dan-red and formaldehyde themselves guilty?
An expert once said: "There are no useless resources, only misplaced resources." This sentence is always memorable.
Take formaldehyde, which we are familiar with, for example, formaldehyde, Chinese aliases: formalin, formaldehyde water, ant-aldehyde-solution, is a colorless gas with a strong pungent smell, easily soluble In - water, alcohol - and - ether.Formaldehyde can be used to analyze and determine ammonium salts and amino acids, and can also be used as a fixative, disinfectant, bactericide, reducing agent, and preservation of animal corpses in various preparations in microscopic analysis. It can be used as standard, synthetic resin, insecticide, warehouse fumigant, and can also be used to synthesize polymer compounds such as phenolic resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, etc. Indispensable chemicals.
In recent years, some unscrupulous traders and manufacturers have added formaldehyde to food, decoration materials, medicines, etc. in order to make huge profits, causing poisoning-incidents, causing people to wear colored glasses and only see its harm , while ignoring its role.
In daily life, we must look at chemical substances and chemical reactions with a dialectical perspective.
For example, when mentioning combustion, people can't help but think of the fire caused by the fire, the economic losses and casualties caused, but they ignore that it is combustion that helps us keep warm, that it is combustion that provides us with cooked food, and that it is combustion that provides energy for chemical production. Complain about the dangers of burning, the correct use and control of burning is the most important.
Therefore, green chemistry has always been advocated and yearned for by human beings.
Let us take off the colored glasses, understand the material correctly, turn waste into treasure, and let every resource return to the right track!
The harm of colored glasses is great, and many people know it. However, human nature is selfish, so many people don’t care about the harm of colored glasses. Even if they are harmful, people still won’t correct them.
Xu Chang is like this now, and he also knows that it is not good to look at people with colored eyes, but when facing Leng Xin and Hou Zi, who are already black-hearted, Xu Chang has no choice but to not take the color with him. See them through colored glasses.
People like Leng Xin and Hou Zi have completely dark hearts. If you look at them with pure eyes, you will soon find out.You are already in deep danger, Leng Xin and Hou Zi, guys with dark hearts, will definitely catch you when you are not prepared.Swallow you in one gulp.
Monkey didn't feel uncomfortable when he saw that Xu Chang still didn't have a good face, and he was still so vigilant towards the people on his side. After all, the hatred they had formed with Xu Chang and Xu Jie before this was too deep Yes, there is something that I can forget in a few words.
If Xu Chang accepted Hou Zi and Leng Xin with a smile on his face now, Hou Zi would still be vigilant because he knew it.Once Xu Chang did this, there would definitely be a problem, and the monkey didn't want to die without knowing why.
"Brother Xuchang. I know that we had a deep hatred with you before, so I don't ask Brother Xuchang to forgive us and cooperate with us sincerely. To be honest, even if you, Brother Xuchang, want to be sincere with us I don’t feel at ease about cooperating. Hehe..., our enmity is a bit big after all, so, brother Xuchang, don’t worry, we won’t bring up any embarrassing things for you in this cooperation.”
Houzi looked at Xu Chang sincerely. His words just now can be said to be the truth of Houzi.Of course, the monkey will speak the truth.It is not only because Monkey is not ready to be a gangster anymore, he is standing up for a normal life in the future, but also because Monkey now wants to rely on Xu Chang's power to protect himself.
Monkey understood very well that for an honest person like Xu Chang, telling the truth was more pleasing to him than telling lies.
Now Monkey and the others have escaped the pursuit of the Sand Tiger Shark, and they seem to be safe. However, as long as they do not return to the Yushi District safely, Monkey will not let go of his worries, not to mention that they are in a strange place now. On the island, Monkey and the others have lost their martial arts again, so Monkey now wants to hug Xu Chang's thigh.
Leng Xin's 'Desert Eagle' is very powerful, and it can reassure the monkeys to a certain extent. However, the bullets of 'Desert Eagle' are definitely not much on Leng Xin now. Maybe Leng Xin's current bullets are just enough. Only the nine bullets in the 'Desert Eagle' were left. The huge waves just now tore the clothes of Leng Xin and Houzi to pieces, and they couldn't hide anything on their bodies, let alone bullets. .
Besides, when Leng Xin was dealing with brothers Xu Chang and Xu Jie just now, he used three magazines. Most people only carry two or three magazines. It is inconvenient to carry too many magazines. Therefore, monkeys have There is every reason to believe that Leng Xin's 'Desert Eagle' bullets are running out of bullets.
The 'Desert Eagle' in Leng Xin's hand doesn't have many bullets, and Xu Chang's internal energy can have countless internal energy as long as Xu Chang is given time. Comparing the two sides, a fool will know who to choose now.
God knows how long they will stay on this strange island, if it is only one day, two days, or a week, then the monkey can choose Leng Xin, because the time is so short, the 'Desert Eagle' in Leng Xin's hand It is still very useful and deterrent, but now they are on a strange island, and it is very difficult for them to return to the Yushi District in the shortest possible time.
In addition, Houzi is now ready to turn his back on evil and return to righteousness. If he doesn't follow Xu Chang, who will he follow? !Therefore, the monkey directly chose Xuchang.
"Hehe...!" Xu Chang sneered at the monkey's confession, but the monkey's confession made Xu Chang less wary of the monkey in his heart.
What Houzi said just now, "To be honest, even if you, Brother Xuchang, want to cooperate sincerely with us, I, Monkey, don't feel at ease..." Although it sounds harsh, it also fully shows that Monkey is indeed I want to cooperate sincerely with myself, otherwise, how could the monkey say such words that are equivalent to offending myself.
"Monkey, since you are aware of the relationship between us, then you should also understand that the possibility of us wanting to cooperate is too small, and neither of us will rest assured of each other." Xu Chang's words have also softened a lot now, and Monkey's words Still played a big role.
"Hey...!" Xu Chang's gentle answer made the monkey secretly happy. Xu Chang's words began to soften, which meant that his "detour" had worked, and the next thing he had to do was to take advantage of the heat. It's hard.
"Brother Xuchang, as you said, the basis of our cooperation is now zero, but the basis of our cooperation is zero, but it is not zero. So, we still have opportunities for cooperation now.
It's like scouting the situation on the island.We still have a certain basis for cooperation.
We are all at a loss as to what is on this strange island or what threats are on it. This island is so big, Brother Xu Chang, if you want to find out the situation on this island by yourself, it will definitely take a long time. With the addition of us, Brother Xuchang, you can speed up the time several times by checking the situation on this island.
The sooner you find out the situation on the island, Brother Xuchang, the sooner you can determine the next move.Whether it is finding a way to go home or choosing how to live on the island, the shorter the time, the better.Brother Xuchang, what do you think? "
Monkey looked at Xu Chang confidently. He believed that Xu Chang would definitely listen to what he just said. Xu Chang was able to bring his younger brother with him in such a dangerous situation, which shows that Xu Chang is a family-minded person.Such a person only needs to bring out the source of homecoming.Then you can't go wrong.
"Hmm..." The monkey really hit Xu Chang's deathbed with his words. Indeed, time is indeed very important to Xu Chang now. Their family has been fishermen for generations. Everyone in the time family will be very clear, let's talk about it.After the two brothers came to the secret world of martial arts, their return was in the near sea.One day is definitely enough for them to go back and forth, so if they go home late, the parents at home will be more worried.
The fishermen who went out to sea for fishing did not go home for a long time. Nine times out of nine these fishermen have died, and once their parents realize that their two sons have died, what a blow it will be to them ah!
Therefore, Xu Chang definitely wants to go home in the shortest time, and if he wants to go home in the shortest time, Xu Chang must first investigate the situation of the island and then make a target.
Now the monkey proposes the condition that the two sides cooperate to investigate the situation on the island. Xu Chang really can't refuse. He really wants to go home early, even if he goes home a second earlier, his parents can do it. One less second of psychological torture, and if Xu Chang really cooperates with people like monkeys, the time for him to go home is not only a few seconds earlier, but a few 10 minutes, a few hours, or even a few days thing.
So, thinking of this, even if Xu Chang had any dissatisfaction with Leng Xin and Monkey, he didn't care. He directly extended his right hand to Monkey, and said softly, "Happy cooperation!"
"Okay..., good... happy cooperation!" Monkey couldn't wait to step forward and hold Xu Chang's right hand. Now, he finally hugged Xu Chang's thigh.
Leng Xin on the side saw Xu Chang stretching out his right hand, and heaved a deep sigh of relief in his heart. As long as Xu Chang agreed to cooperate, he would no longer have to be on guard against Xu Chang in a short time. Moreover, to be honest, with Xu Chang around By his side, Leng Xin felt much safer in his heart.
Now Leng Xin and Hou Zi are ordinary people, and their sense of danger is definitely not as strong as that of Xu Chang, who is a quasi-warrior. There is too much hatred between myself and Xu Chang and Xu Jie, and now Leng Xin can't wait to go up and hug Xu Chang's thigh.
In front of the term survival, everything else is just a cloud!
"Monkey, although the two of us have decided to cooperate, this cooperation is only limited to the matter of investigating the situation on the island. As for other matters, we still do our own things, especially when it comes to food and water. I will cooperate with you." Xu Chang began to say hello in advance while withdrawing his right hand.
For Xu Chang, who has been a fisherman for generations, he knows very clearly what is the most important thing when he encounters a shipwreck and lands on a strange island.
Food and fresh water are the most important things to those who have landed on a strange, uninhabited island.Food can supplement one's physical strength, so that you have the strength to prepare some escape tools.
Fresh water is even more important. If people want to live, they can never live without water!
Fresh water is water with a salt content of less than 0.5 gl.The total amount of water on the earth is 14 billion cubic kilometers. There is a lot of water on the earth. The fresh water reserves only account for 2.53% of the total global water, and 68.7% of them belong to solid glaciers.It is distributed in the high mountains and the north and south polar regions that are difficult to use, and some fresh water is buried deep underground, which is difficult to exploit.
People's usual drinking water is fresh water.The total amount of water on the earth is 14 billion cubic kilometers.There is a lot of water on the earth, fresh water reserves account for only 2.53% of the total global water, and 68.7% of them belong to solid glaciers, which are distributed in difficult-to-use mountains and the Antarctic and North Pole regions, and some fresh water is buried deep underground. place, it is difficult to mine.
At present, only groundwater, lake freshwater and riverbed water can be directly used by humans.The sum of the three accounts for about 0.77% of the total water on the earth.
At present, human beings are using more and more fresh water resources, removing the deep groundwater that cannot be exploited.The water that humans can actually use only accounts for about 0.26% of the total water on the earth.So far, human freshwater consumption has accounted for 54% of the world's available freshwater, and freshwater only accounts for less than 1% of the global total water source, but the problem of freshwater pollution has not been completely eliminated.
Therefore, protect water quality and rationally utilize fresh water resources.It has become a major issue of common concern to contemporary mankind.
The status of global freshwater resources is not optimistic.Water resources are in short supply and water quality is deteriorating. Human beings are facing severe challenges.
In the face of the water resource crisis, the international community is increasingly aware of its seriousness. A wave of water resource protection has been set off around the world, and major achievements have been made. Although the protection of water resources is not satisfactory, there are reasons to believe that Through the unremitting efforts of the international community and various countries.Through international cooperation, human beings will solve the problem of fresh water resources.
In the context of global conservation of water resources.China, which is also facing the water crisis, can only effectively deal with the problems it faces by strengthening the legislation on water resource protection and forming an effective water law system.
The Earth is rich in fresh water resources, but they are far from inexhaustible and not evenly distributed.Over the past century, population growth, industrial development, and the expansion of irrigated agriculture have led to a dramatic increase in demand for freshwater.The shortage of fresh water resources and the deterioration of water quality have seriously troubled the survival and development of human beings.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations, Co-Philippines An-South, pointed out in his Millennium Report: "To reduce diseases in developing countries and save lives, no measure can compare with making everyone safe. water and adequate sanitation.”
Regardless of the quantity or quality of freshwater resources, global freshwater resources are worrying. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the awareness of all mankind, reach an international consensus, and solve the common problems faced by mankind through global cooperation.
With the development of society and the progress of human society, the fresh water resources on the earth are now facing severe challenges. The total water volume on the earth is about 14 billion cubic kilometers, of which only 2.5% is fresh water, or only 0.35 million cubic kilometers kilometers of fresh water.
Most of the freshwater is stored in Antarctica and Greenland in the form of permanent ice or snow, or as deeply buried groundwater.The water resources that can be used by humans are mainly lakes, rivers, soil moisture and relatively shallow groundwater basins.
Only 20 cubic kilometers of these water resources are usable—less than 1 percent of all freshwater, and only 0.01 percent of all water on Earth.
Much of this available water is located far from humans, which creates complex issues for water use.
Freshwater recharge depends on evaporation from the ocean surface.Every year, the ocean evaporates 50.5 cubic kilometers of seawater, or a layer of water 1.4 meters thick.In addition, 7.2 cubic kilometers would evaporate from the land surface.
所有降水中有80%降落到海洋中,即45.8万立方千米a,其余11.9万立方千米降落于陆地。地表降水量和蒸发量之差(每年约11.9万立方千米减去7.2万立方千米的差额)就形成了地表径流和地下水的补给——大约4.7万立方千米a。
More than half of all runoff occurs in Asia and South America, and a large part occurs in the same river, the Amazon River, which carries away 6000 cubic kilometers of water every year.
The actual situation of the current fresh water resources on the earth is very serious. There are two specific manifestations:
1. Lack of water
全世界约有13的人生活在中度和高度缺水的地区,在这些地区的淡水消费量超过可更新水资源总量的10%。<bsp;1997b)。根据1997年9月联-合-国-秘-书长关于淡水综合估计的报告。人类现在直接或间接利用着世界水供应量的一半以上,全球人均淡水可用量从1950年的17000立方米下降到1995年的7000立方米。
By 2020, water use will increase by 40%.More than 17% of the water will be used to meet the food growth caused by population growth. (World Water Federation 2000a).
Population growth, industrial development, and the expansion of irrigated agriculture have been the three main factors that have contributed to the increase in water demand over the past century.The improvement of living standards cannot but be regarded as an important factor in the growth of demand for water resources.
Over the past 20 years, agriculture has consumed most of the freshwater in economic development.Planners have long considered controlling the hydrological cycle by adding more infrastructure so that growing water demand can be met.
Traditionally, the construction of river dams is the main means of ensuring irrigation water, hydropower and domestic water.
About 227% of the world's 60 largest rivers have been severely or moderately cut by dikes, diversions, canals, etc., with impacts on freshwater ecosystems (bsp; 2000).
From things like increasing food production and hydroelectric power.These infrastructures do bring great benefits.At the same time, the cost of these infrastructures is also very high.
<bsp;2000),导致临近的生态系统发生了不可逆转的变化。
2. Decline in water quality
Poor countries and rich countries, developing countries and developed countries all have the same water-pollution-pollution problem.
Water-pollution-contamination comes from its natural sources, such as springs containing toxic substances, oil seepage, and sediments produced by erosion.But most discussions of water pollution focus on human-induced changes that affect water quality or its availability.
Toxic-chemical-chemicals, sewage-water, disease-causing-substances, oil, heavy-metal-metals, heat-pollution-pollution, and radioactive-waste-pollution-pollution from cities and industries with rivers and groundwater.
Agricultural development has made significant progress in solving the world's food problems.But it also causes water-pollution-pollution, and water sources are polluted due to the extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides.
Compared with developed countries, water pollution in developing countries is relatively serious.Of Malaysia's 50 major rivers, 42 are facing "ecological disasters".
In the country of Filipino maids, domestic sewage accounts for 60%-70% of the total amount of the Pa-Si-Ge River in Ma-Ni-La. Thousands of people use this water not only for bathing and washing clothes, but also as drinking water. source.
In China, the water-pollution-pollution problem is also quite serious.44 major cities in China.There are 41 cities that use "polluted to varying degrees" water sources.
The depletion of water resources and the deterioration of water quality have brought serious consequences.When a country uses less than 1000 cubic meters of water per person per year under its "baseline".The country is considered to be at risk of chronic water scarcity, which is already present in many areas; the flow and timing of many large rivers are almost entirely under human control, which is very detrimental to aquatic life, resulting in reductions in fish populations and loss of biodiversity destroy.
There are 11 billion people in the world, equivalent to one-sixth of the world's population, without access to sanitary water, and 24 billion people, or 40% of the world's population, without access to qualified cleaning services;
Some 6 children die every day from diseases caused by unsanitary water and substandard sanitation and cleanliness – the equivalent of 000 large airliner crashes every day;
Unsanitary water and unclean environments are estimated to be responsible for 80% of all diseases in developing countries; women and girls are often the hardest hit by lack of sanitation.
The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in 1972 pointed out: "After the oil crisis, the next crisis is water."
The 1977 United Nations Water Conference further emphasized: "Water will soon become a profound social crisis."
The crisis of freshwater resources seriously restricts sustainable development, and the speed of water use in many countries has exceeded the speed of water regeneration; human excessive water use, water pollution and the introduction of alien species have caused the destruction or disappearance of freshwater systems in lakes, rivers, wetlands and underground aquifers ; Many countries' freshwater management policies are out of touch with local realities, leading to increasing scarcity of water resources.
Mankind is facing severe crises and challenges.
About 2000 water ministers participated in the "Second World Water Forum" held in The Hague in March 3, and adopted a declaration aimed at achieving world water security.
In the declaration, the important challenges of this century are put forward as follows:
Meeting basic needs: Recognizing that access to safe, adequate water and sanitation is a basic human need and that this is essential to health and well-being, people are entitled to these through specific water management processes, especially is a woman;
Safeguarding food supplies: enhancing food security, especially for the poor and vulnerable, through more efficient movement, use, and more equitable distribution of water and food products;
Protecting ecosystems: Ensuring the integrity of ecosystems through sustainable water management;
Sharing of water resources: To promote, whenever possible, peaceful collaboration and developmental cooperation among different water users, within a country, through sustainable river basin management or other appropriate approaches, In the case of water resources on national borders or across national borders, such cooperation can also be carried out between the countries concerned;
Risk management: providing safety measures against floods, droughts, pollution and other water-related hazards;
Water Valuation: Managing water in a way that reflects its economic, social, environmental and cultural value to all its users, progressively pricing water services to reflect the value they provide.
This approach should take into account the basic needs and quality of the poor and vulnerable groups; Smart water management: ensuring good governance so that the interests of all stakeholders and public participation are included in the management of water resources.
Today's freshwater resource issues are no longer limited to a single country. In the face of challenges, the entire international community should be dealt with, including countries, regions, governments and non-governmental organizations, companies, and individuals.
To alleviate or even eliminate the crisis of fresh water resources, international cooperation and global efforts must be made to solve the problems of fresh water resources in the present and future generations.
Since the 20th century, the international community has gradually realized the seriousness of the freshwater problem.During this period of time, the social value, economic value and ecological value of fresh water have been widely concerned, and more emphasis has been placed on the efficient distribution of water, taking into account the fair and intergenerational distribution of fresh water, recognizing that watershed management is the key to effective management of fresh water resources, and recognizing to the role of all interested parties in water management.
The protection of fresh water resources on a global scale has already begun, and the United Nations and its member states have made great efforts to this end. By holding international conferences, they put forward international declarations and concluded international treaties to adjust the use of various countries. The relationship between fresh water resources stipulates the obligation of countries to protect global fresh water resources, and has achieved remarkable results.
Various countries have also signed many multilateral or bilateral treaties or agreements for the effective and fair use of freshwater resources related to them. However, due to the lack of a real international freshwater resource management entity and the negative impact of national resource sovereignty, the global freshwater There are still many deficiencies in the protection of resources. (To be continued..)
ps: Note: Thank you Zhixiu for your support, thank you!
People will always sell-sell-conscience for a little self-interest!Even Gao Jie can't compare to human desires.
In ancient times, Tao Yuanming resigned from office, Du Fu devoted himself to serving the people, and Yu Qian had a clean hand. What about today's society?Either corrupt-official-filthy-officials or treacherous-fraudulent-little-people.what should we do?From ancient times to the present, technology and culture are progressing, but the quality of people is not as good as each generation.
Can the silt not be stained?Reality teaches us --- can't.
Although Xu Chang is now a quasi-martial artist, he is still a fisherman and an ordinary person in essence. Therefore, he doesn't understand the big truths such as "get out of the mud without being stained". Red, those who are close to ink are black'!
I believe that in the eyes of many ordinary people, they also have the same idea as Xu Chang. When most ordinary people look at people, they choose to believe that "the one who is close to vermilion is red, and the one who is close to ink is black!" 'This sentence, I believe even you will have the same idea.
For example, when looking at those who have been in prison or some gamblers, many people will look at them with a wink, always thinking that these people are not good people, and they have to be careful when getting along with these people just work.
Even if these people have reformed themselves, they have even become a successful person.He has become a more successful person than most ordinary people, but.There will still be many people looking at him with colored glasses, and they will continue to talk about him in private, and they don't believe that this person has changed his past.
As everyone knows, many people who have been in prison have once again embarked on the road of crime. The road of broken pots and broken falls.Thus embarked on a road of no return.
Therefore, in your life, don't look at people with colored glasses.Because once you look at people and things with colored glasses, you may eventually miss many beautiful things in life, and you may even hurt yourself unintentionally.or someone else.
One person works hard.The sky is still beautiful, the dream is still pure, let yourself go, fly bravely in the sky of your dreams, and believe that you must do better.Memories of the old hurt and tears fall freely, hope for dreams and wish to smile, cowardly people are afraid of loneliness, rational people know how to enjoy loneliness and don't look at people with colored glasses
For example.When you make friends after you join the work, you need to take off the colored glasses in your eyes.
Although there are all kinds of liars in society now.There are all kinds of hypocritical people, and there are many examples of being deceived around you. Therefore, you will choose to be very careful when making friends, fearing that others will use your kindness and sincerity to deceive your feelings.
Those who want to make friends with you, you will verify his identity time and time again, test each other time and time again, and try to minimize the risk factor as much as possible. Doing so is responsible for yourself, but you don’t know that because of yourself His scruples also hurt others invisibly.
Once a person wears colored glasses, he will be very picky when looking at people, and he will definitely hurt the other person.
Life does not require colored glasses. For today's modern youth, the purpose of entering an optical shop may no longer be to choose a pair of myopia glasses for themselves, but to carefully choose a pair of colored glasses that suits their temperament in front of the colored glasses counter. Glasses.
Thick ink, dark green, light orange... There are so many beautiful things, and they are worn in turn. The world seems to be covered with black clouds for a while, for a while the forest is deep and deep, and for a while the wind blows dust... Only when you take it off, can you see the true colors of the world. Only then can we see the colorful world.
In fact, in life, some people often only see one aspect of life and ignore the others. This is like a person who puts colored glasses on himself. And things need to get rid of the interference of colored glasses.
As far as human scientific research is concerned, as a part of human life, it must never be viewed with colored glasses.
As we all know, scientific research requires a lot of manpower, material resources, and financial resources, and sometimes even life as a price. However, should we give up scientific research because of these sacrifices?Naturally not, because without exploration, there will be no progress, which will lead to stagnation or even regression of a nation's progress, and ultimately it can only be passively beaten in the international competition environment where the jungle preys on the jungle.
I think, for this point, people who are familiar with modern Chinese history should have a deep understanding-the late-Qing-government-government is precisely because it puts colored glasses on itself, so that it will be self-indulgent in its own political rule, Ignoring the progressive trend of the world, it eventually became the fish and meat divided by the great powers.
Of course, the question of You-Ken-Da-Xiu-nv, who represents humanistic feelings, also has some truth. A pair of colored glasses that emotion trumps reason.
It is good to have compassion and sympathy for the weak, but it is even more fatal to only focus on the present without knowing how to look into the future.
Just like the ups and downs of the invention of the microscope, no one knew at the beginning what the use of the small lens would be. Just as Li Bai wrote in a poem, "I am born to be useful", the existence and creation of everything has its own reasons. meaning, and this kind of meaning often needs to be precipitated over time. Therefore, if you look at something with colored glasses from the beginning and kill the seedlings of creation in the cradle, people may end up losing a lot of valuable things. The invention of meaning.
What's more, I think whether we treat things from the perspective of humanistic feelings or scientific spirit, we are essentially considering the long-term development of human beings, since the original purpose is the same.So the two are not contradictory, but complementary.
Therefore, it is one-sided and extreme no matter from which point of view.Only by combining the two, recognizing the advantages and disadvantages between the two, making use of their strengths and avoiding their weaknesses is the wisest choice.
As we know, tinted glasses are colored because their lenses can only pass through one color of light, and the world seen through tinted glasses is mostly ugly and deformed, for a long time.Not only will it change our aesthetics, but it will even change our outlook on the world, outlook on life and values, thereby affecting our inner health.
From this point of view.When facing various problems in life, we should take off our colored glasses and look at problems more comprehensively and objectively, so that things can play their best role.Promote the common development of human society.
In life, not only don't look at people with colored glasses.And don't look at matter with colored glasses.
To use an analogy, I believe many people will feel the same about this analogy, that is, the matter of your girlfriend or wife in cosmetics.
Women are naturally beautiful, so they will be very concerned about their appearance, as long as they have time, they will paint their faces, dress themselves up, and show off everywhere.My wife is the same, as long as it is something above the cosmetics.She absolutely doesn't care about the price. In fact, they don't know that the cosmetics they put on their faces every day are very harmful to the skin.
For example, let’s take the nail polish used by women, so my wife and I searched the Internet for the ingredients and hazards of nail polish, and did experiments on the reaction between egg whites and nail polish.After that, she said disappointedly, "Look, the nails are so beautiful after applying nail polish, so can't the toxic chemicals such as formaldehyde be changed into harmless ones?" After listening to her words, I fell into deep thought.
In recent years, with the advancement of chemical technology, some new chemical substances have been continuously synthesized, and these new substances are accompanied by hazards.
When it comes to lean-meat-essence, su-dan-red, formaldehyde and other substances, people can't help gnashing their teeth and complaining about the people who synthesized and produced them.Are lean-meat-essence, su-dan-red and formaldehyde themselves guilty?
An expert once said: "There are no useless resources, only misplaced resources." This sentence is always memorable.
Take formaldehyde, which we are familiar with, for example, formaldehyde, Chinese aliases: formalin, formaldehyde water, ant-aldehyde-solution, is a colorless gas with a strong pungent smell, easily soluble In - water, alcohol - and - ether.Formaldehyde can be used to analyze and determine ammonium salts and amino acids, and can also be used as a fixative, disinfectant, bactericide, reducing agent, and preservation of animal corpses in various preparations in microscopic analysis. It can be used as standard, synthetic resin, insecticide, warehouse fumigant, and can also be used to synthesize polymer compounds such as phenolic resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, etc. Indispensable chemicals.
In recent years, some unscrupulous traders and manufacturers have added formaldehyde to food, decoration materials, medicines, etc. in order to make huge profits, causing poisoning-incidents, causing people to wear colored glasses and only see its harm , while ignoring its role.
In daily life, we must look at chemical substances and chemical reactions with a dialectical perspective.
For example, when mentioning combustion, people can't help but think of the fire caused by the fire, the economic losses and casualties caused, but they ignore that it is combustion that helps us keep warm, that it is combustion that provides us with cooked food, and that it is combustion that provides energy for chemical production. Complain about the dangers of burning, the correct use and control of burning is the most important.
Therefore, green chemistry has always been advocated and yearned for by human beings.
Let us take off the colored glasses, understand the material correctly, turn waste into treasure, and let every resource return to the right track!
The harm of colored glasses is great, and many people know it. However, human nature is selfish, so many people don’t care about the harm of colored glasses. Even if they are harmful, people still won’t correct them.
Xu Chang is like this now, and he also knows that it is not good to look at people with colored eyes, but when facing Leng Xin and Hou Zi, who are already black-hearted, Xu Chang has no choice but to not take the color with him. See them through colored glasses.
People like Leng Xin and Hou Zi have completely dark hearts. If you look at them with pure eyes, you will soon find out.You are already in deep danger, Leng Xin and Hou Zi, guys with dark hearts, will definitely catch you when you are not prepared.Swallow you in one gulp.
Monkey didn't feel uncomfortable when he saw that Xu Chang still didn't have a good face, and he was still so vigilant towards the people on his side. After all, the hatred they had formed with Xu Chang and Xu Jie before this was too deep Yes, there is something that I can forget in a few words.
If Xu Chang accepted Hou Zi and Leng Xin with a smile on his face now, Hou Zi would still be vigilant because he knew it.Once Xu Chang did this, there would definitely be a problem, and the monkey didn't want to die without knowing why.
"Brother Xuchang. I know that we had a deep hatred with you before, so I don't ask Brother Xuchang to forgive us and cooperate with us sincerely. To be honest, even if you, Brother Xuchang, want to be sincere with us I don’t feel at ease about cooperating. Hehe..., our enmity is a bit big after all, so, brother Xuchang, don’t worry, we won’t bring up any embarrassing things for you in this cooperation.”
Houzi looked at Xu Chang sincerely. His words just now can be said to be the truth of Houzi.Of course, the monkey will speak the truth.It is not only because Monkey is not ready to be a gangster anymore, he is standing up for a normal life in the future, but also because Monkey now wants to rely on Xu Chang's power to protect himself.
Monkey understood very well that for an honest person like Xu Chang, telling the truth was more pleasing to him than telling lies.
Now Monkey and the others have escaped the pursuit of the Sand Tiger Shark, and they seem to be safe. However, as long as they do not return to the Yushi District safely, Monkey will not let go of his worries, not to mention that they are in a strange place now. On the island, Monkey and the others have lost their martial arts again, so Monkey now wants to hug Xu Chang's thigh.
Leng Xin's 'Desert Eagle' is very powerful, and it can reassure the monkeys to a certain extent. However, the bullets of 'Desert Eagle' are definitely not much on Leng Xin now. Maybe Leng Xin's current bullets are just enough. Only the nine bullets in the 'Desert Eagle' were left. The huge waves just now tore the clothes of Leng Xin and Houzi to pieces, and they couldn't hide anything on their bodies, let alone bullets. .
Besides, when Leng Xin was dealing with brothers Xu Chang and Xu Jie just now, he used three magazines. Most people only carry two or three magazines. It is inconvenient to carry too many magazines. Therefore, monkeys have There is every reason to believe that Leng Xin's 'Desert Eagle' bullets are running out of bullets.
The 'Desert Eagle' in Leng Xin's hand doesn't have many bullets, and Xu Chang's internal energy can have countless internal energy as long as Xu Chang is given time. Comparing the two sides, a fool will know who to choose now.
God knows how long they will stay on this strange island, if it is only one day, two days, or a week, then the monkey can choose Leng Xin, because the time is so short, the 'Desert Eagle' in Leng Xin's hand It is still very useful and deterrent, but now they are on a strange island, and it is very difficult for them to return to the Yushi District in the shortest possible time.
In addition, Houzi is now ready to turn his back on evil and return to righteousness. If he doesn't follow Xu Chang, who will he follow? !Therefore, the monkey directly chose Xuchang.
"Hehe...!" Xu Chang sneered at the monkey's confession, but the monkey's confession made Xu Chang less wary of the monkey in his heart.
What Houzi said just now, "To be honest, even if you, Brother Xuchang, want to cooperate sincerely with us, I, Monkey, don't feel at ease..." Although it sounds harsh, it also fully shows that Monkey is indeed I want to cooperate sincerely with myself, otherwise, how could the monkey say such words that are equivalent to offending myself.
"Monkey, since you are aware of the relationship between us, then you should also understand that the possibility of us wanting to cooperate is too small, and neither of us will rest assured of each other." Xu Chang's words have also softened a lot now, and Monkey's words Still played a big role.
"Hey...!" Xu Chang's gentle answer made the monkey secretly happy. Xu Chang's words began to soften, which meant that his "detour" had worked, and the next thing he had to do was to take advantage of the heat. It's hard.
"Brother Xuchang, as you said, the basis of our cooperation is now zero, but the basis of our cooperation is zero, but it is not zero. So, we still have opportunities for cooperation now.
It's like scouting the situation on the island.We still have a certain basis for cooperation.
We are all at a loss as to what is on this strange island or what threats are on it. This island is so big, Brother Xu Chang, if you want to find out the situation on this island by yourself, it will definitely take a long time. With the addition of us, Brother Xuchang, you can speed up the time several times by checking the situation on this island.
The sooner you find out the situation on the island, Brother Xuchang, the sooner you can determine the next move.Whether it is finding a way to go home or choosing how to live on the island, the shorter the time, the better.Brother Xuchang, what do you think? "
Monkey looked at Xu Chang confidently. He believed that Xu Chang would definitely listen to what he just said. Xu Chang was able to bring his younger brother with him in such a dangerous situation, which shows that Xu Chang is a family-minded person.Such a person only needs to bring out the source of homecoming.Then you can't go wrong.
"Hmm..." The monkey really hit Xu Chang's deathbed with his words. Indeed, time is indeed very important to Xu Chang now. Their family has been fishermen for generations. Everyone in the time family will be very clear, let's talk about it.After the two brothers came to the secret world of martial arts, their return was in the near sea.One day is definitely enough for them to go back and forth, so if they go home late, the parents at home will be more worried.
The fishermen who went out to sea for fishing did not go home for a long time. Nine times out of nine these fishermen have died, and once their parents realize that their two sons have died, what a blow it will be to them ah!
Therefore, Xu Chang definitely wants to go home in the shortest time, and if he wants to go home in the shortest time, Xu Chang must first investigate the situation of the island and then make a target.
Now the monkey proposes the condition that the two sides cooperate to investigate the situation on the island. Xu Chang really can't refuse. He really wants to go home early, even if he goes home a second earlier, his parents can do it. One less second of psychological torture, and if Xu Chang really cooperates with people like monkeys, the time for him to go home is not only a few seconds earlier, but a few 10 minutes, a few hours, or even a few days thing.
So, thinking of this, even if Xu Chang had any dissatisfaction with Leng Xin and Monkey, he didn't care. He directly extended his right hand to Monkey, and said softly, "Happy cooperation!"
"Okay..., good... happy cooperation!" Monkey couldn't wait to step forward and hold Xu Chang's right hand. Now, he finally hugged Xu Chang's thigh.
Leng Xin on the side saw Xu Chang stretching out his right hand, and heaved a deep sigh of relief in his heart. As long as Xu Chang agreed to cooperate, he would no longer have to be on guard against Xu Chang in a short time. Moreover, to be honest, with Xu Chang around By his side, Leng Xin felt much safer in his heart.
Now Leng Xin and Hou Zi are ordinary people, and their sense of danger is definitely not as strong as that of Xu Chang, who is a quasi-warrior. There is too much hatred between myself and Xu Chang and Xu Jie, and now Leng Xin can't wait to go up and hug Xu Chang's thigh.
In front of the term survival, everything else is just a cloud!
"Monkey, although the two of us have decided to cooperate, this cooperation is only limited to the matter of investigating the situation on the island. As for other matters, we still do our own things, especially when it comes to food and water. I will cooperate with you." Xu Chang began to say hello in advance while withdrawing his right hand.
For Xu Chang, who has been a fisherman for generations, he knows very clearly what is the most important thing when he encounters a shipwreck and lands on a strange island.
Food and fresh water are the most important things to those who have landed on a strange, uninhabited island.Food can supplement one's physical strength, so that you have the strength to prepare some escape tools.
Fresh water is even more important. If people want to live, they can never live without water!
Fresh water is water with a salt content of less than 0.5 gl.The total amount of water on the earth is 14 billion cubic kilometers. There is a lot of water on the earth. The fresh water reserves only account for 2.53% of the total global water, and 68.7% of them belong to solid glaciers.It is distributed in the high mountains and the north and south polar regions that are difficult to use, and some fresh water is buried deep underground, which is difficult to exploit.
People's usual drinking water is fresh water.The total amount of water on the earth is 14 billion cubic kilometers.There is a lot of water on the earth, fresh water reserves account for only 2.53% of the total global water, and 68.7% of them belong to solid glaciers, which are distributed in difficult-to-use mountains and the Antarctic and North Pole regions, and some fresh water is buried deep underground. place, it is difficult to mine.
At present, only groundwater, lake freshwater and riverbed water can be directly used by humans.The sum of the three accounts for about 0.77% of the total water on the earth.
At present, human beings are using more and more fresh water resources, removing the deep groundwater that cannot be exploited.The water that humans can actually use only accounts for about 0.26% of the total water on the earth.So far, human freshwater consumption has accounted for 54% of the world's available freshwater, and freshwater only accounts for less than 1% of the global total water source, but the problem of freshwater pollution has not been completely eliminated.
Therefore, protect water quality and rationally utilize fresh water resources.It has become a major issue of common concern to contemporary mankind.
The status of global freshwater resources is not optimistic.Water resources are in short supply and water quality is deteriorating. Human beings are facing severe challenges.
In the face of the water resource crisis, the international community is increasingly aware of its seriousness. A wave of water resource protection has been set off around the world, and major achievements have been made. Although the protection of water resources is not satisfactory, there are reasons to believe that Through the unremitting efforts of the international community and various countries.Through international cooperation, human beings will solve the problem of fresh water resources.
In the context of global conservation of water resources.China, which is also facing the water crisis, can only effectively deal with the problems it faces by strengthening the legislation on water resource protection and forming an effective water law system.
The Earth is rich in fresh water resources, but they are far from inexhaustible and not evenly distributed.Over the past century, population growth, industrial development, and the expansion of irrigated agriculture have led to a dramatic increase in demand for freshwater.The shortage of fresh water resources and the deterioration of water quality have seriously troubled the survival and development of human beings.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations, Co-Philippines An-South, pointed out in his Millennium Report: "To reduce diseases in developing countries and save lives, no measure can compare with making everyone safe. water and adequate sanitation.”
Regardless of the quantity or quality of freshwater resources, global freshwater resources are worrying. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the awareness of all mankind, reach an international consensus, and solve the common problems faced by mankind through global cooperation.
With the development of society and the progress of human society, the fresh water resources on the earth are now facing severe challenges. The total water volume on the earth is about 14 billion cubic kilometers, of which only 2.5% is fresh water, or only 0.35 million cubic kilometers kilometers of fresh water.
Most of the freshwater is stored in Antarctica and Greenland in the form of permanent ice or snow, or as deeply buried groundwater.The water resources that can be used by humans are mainly lakes, rivers, soil moisture and relatively shallow groundwater basins.
Only 20 cubic kilometers of these water resources are usable—less than 1 percent of all freshwater, and only 0.01 percent of all water on Earth.
Much of this available water is located far from humans, which creates complex issues for water use.
Freshwater recharge depends on evaporation from the ocean surface.Every year, the ocean evaporates 50.5 cubic kilometers of seawater, or a layer of water 1.4 meters thick.In addition, 7.2 cubic kilometers would evaporate from the land surface.
所有降水中有80%降落到海洋中,即45.8万立方千米a,其余11.9万立方千米降落于陆地。地表降水量和蒸发量之差(每年约11.9万立方千米减去7.2万立方千米的差额)就形成了地表径流和地下水的补给——大约4.7万立方千米a。
More than half of all runoff occurs in Asia and South America, and a large part occurs in the same river, the Amazon River, which carries away 6000 cubic kilometers of water every year.
The actual situation of the current fresh water resources on the earth is very serious. There are two specific manifestations:
1. Lack of water
全世界约有13的人生活在中度和高度缺水的地区,在这些地区的淡水消费量超过可更新水资源总量的10%。<bsp;1997b)。根据1997年9月联-合-国-秘-书长关于淡水综合估计的报告。人类现在直接或间接利用着世界水供应量的一半以上,全球人均淡水可用量从1950年的17000立方米下降到1995年的7000立方米。
By 2020, water use will increase by 40%.More than 17% of the water will be used to meet the food growth caused by population growth. (World Water Federation 2000a).
Population growth, industrial development, and the expansion of irrigated agriculture have been the three main factors that have contributed to the increase in water demand over the past century.The improvement of living standards cannot but be regarded as an important factor in the growth of demand for water resources.
Over the past 20 years, agriculture has consumed most of the freshwater in economic development.Planners have long considered controlling the hydrological cycle by adding more infrastructure so that growing water demand can be met.
Traditionally, the construction of river dams is the main means of ensuring irrigation water, hydropower and domestic water.
About 227% of the world's 60 largest rivers have been severely or moderately cut by dikes, diversions, canals, etc., with impacts on freshwater ecosystems (bsp; 2000).
From things like increasing food production and hydroelectric power.These infrastructures do bring great benefits.At the same time, the cost of these infrastructures is also very high.
<bsp;2000),导致临近的生态系统发生了不可逆转的变化。
2. Decline in water quality
Poor countries and rich countries, developing countries and developed countries all have the same water-pollution-pollution problem.
Water-pollution-contamination comes from its natural sources, such as springs containing toxic substances, oil seepage, and sediments produced by erosion.But most discussions of water pollution focus on human-induced changes that affect water quality or its availability.
Toxic-chemical-chemicals, sewage-water, disease-causing-substances, oil, heavy-metal-metals, heat-pollution-pollution, and radioactive-waste-pollution-pollution from cities and industries with rivers and groundwater.
Agricultural development has made significant progress in solving the world's food problems.But it also causes water-pollution-pollution, and water sources are polluted due to the extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides.
Compared with developed countries, water pollution in developing countries is relatively serious.Of Malaysia's 50 major rivers, 42 are facing "ecological disasters".
In the country of Filipino maids, domestic sewage accounts for 60%-70% of the total amount of the Pa-Si-Ge River in Ma-Ni-La. Thousands of people use this water not only for bathing and washing clothes, but also as drinking water. source.
In China, the water-pollution-pollution problem is also quite serious.44 major cities in China.There are 41 cities that use "polluted to varying degrees" water sources.
The depletion of water resources and the deterioration of water quality have brought serious consequences.When a country uses less than 1000 cubic meters of water per person per year under its "baseline".The country is considered to be at risk of chronic water scarcity, which is already present in many areas; the flow and timing of many large rivers are almost entirely under human control, which is very detrimental to aquatic life, resulting in reductions in fish populations and loss of biodiversity destroy.
There are 11 billion people in the world, equivalent to one-sixth of the world's population, without access to sanitary water, and 24 billion people, or 40% of the world's population, without access to qualified cleaning services;
Some 6 children die every day from diseases caused by unsanitary water and substandard sanitation and cleanliness – the equivalent of 000 large airliner crashes every day;
Unsanitary water and unclean environments are estimated to be responsible for 80% of all diseases in developing countries; women and girls are often the hardest hit by lack of sanitation.
The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in 1972 pointed out: "After the oil crisis, the next crisis is water."
The 1977 United Nations Water Conference further emphasized: "Water will soon become a profound social crisis."
The crisis of freshwater resources seriously restricts sustainable development, and the speed of water use in many countries has exceeded the speed of water regeneration; human excessive water use, water pollution and the introduction of alien species have caused the destruction or disappearance of freshwater systems in lakes, rivers, wetlands and underground aquifers ; Many countries' freshwater management policies are out of touch with local realities, leading to increasing scarcity of water resources.
Mankind is facing severe crises and challenges.
About 2000 water ministers participated in the "Second World Water Forum" held in The Hague in March 3, and adopted a declaration aimed at achieving world water security.
In the declaration, the important challenges of this century are put forward as follows:
Meeting basic needs: Recognizing that access to safe, adequate water and sanitation is a basic human need and that this is essential to health and well-being, people are entitled to these through specific water management processes, especially is a woman;
Safeguarding food supplies: enhancing food security, especially for the poor and vulnerable, through more efficient movement, use, and more equitable distribution of water and food products;
Protecting ecosystems: Ensuring the integrity of ecosystems through sustainable water management;
Sharing of water resources: To promote, whenever possible, peaceful collaboration and developmental cooperation among different water users, within a country, through sustainable river basin management or other appropriate approaches, In the case of water resources on national borders or across national borders, such cooperation can also be carried out between the countries concerned;
Risk management: providing safety measures against floods, droughts, pollution and other water-related hazards;
Water Valuation: Managing water in a way that reflects its economic, social, environmental and cultural value to all its users, progressively pricing water services to reflect the value they provide.
This approach should take into account the basic needs and quality of the poor and vulnerable groups; Smart water management: ensuring good governance so that the interests of all stakeholders and public participation are included in the management of water resources.
Today's freshwater resource issues are no longer limited to a single country. In the face of challenges, the entire international community should be dealt with, including countries, regions, governments and non-governmental organizations, companies, and individuals.
To alleviate or even eliminate the crisis of fresh water resources, international cooperation and global efforts must be made to solve the problems of fresh water resources in the present and future generations.
Since the 20th century, the international community has gradually realized the seriousness of the freshwater problem.During this period of time, the social value, economic value and ecological value of fresh water have been widely concerned, and more emphasis has been placed on the efficient distribution of water, taking into account the fair and intergenerational distribution of fresh water, recognizing that watershed management is the key to effective management of fresh water resources, and recognizing to the role of all interested parties in water management.
The protection of fresh water resources on a global scale has already begun, and the United Nations and its member states have made great efforts to this end. By holding international conferences, they put forward international declarations and concluded international treaties to adjust the use of various countries. The relationship between fresh water resources stipulates the obligation of countries to protect global fresh water resources, and has achieved remarkable results.
Various countries have also signed many multilateral or bilateral treaties or agreements for the effective and fair use of freshwater resources related to them. However, due to the lack of a real international freshwater resource management entity and the negative impact of national resource sovereignty, the global freshwater There are still many deficiencies in the protection of resources. (To be continued..)
ps: Note: Thank you Zhixiu for your support, thank you!
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