Rebirth Turn of the Century

A book friend called me uncle, and said that even if he was only four years old when he returned to Zhao Song, how could he copy .

This is a problem.

In fact, I can see my own problems. I pretend to be noble when I am not good enough, and I talk about my feelings everywhere.

This is a disease that needs to be cured!

But since the style of writing has been like this, let's continue.

When writing the book, ZTE’s enthusiasm was overwhelmed, but as I wrote it, the Huawei incident popped up, and I couldn’t laugh or cry.

But since it's out, let me continue to rub it.

Speaking of Huawei, let us return to the topic of the previous chapter: Qualcomm!

Enterprises can use intellectual property rights to create an advantage in market competition, and abuse of intellectual property rights will also encounter legal sanctions. It is a strange story that this typical of both positive and negative aspects can be integrated by Qualcomm of the United States. Following the EU and South Korea's anti-monopoly investigations, Qualcomm has recently encountered anti-monopoly investigations in China, and the reason for these investigations is the same, that is, high patent licensing fees. For a while, Qualcomm once again became the focus of the industry.

Patent is competitiveness! This sentence is vividly reflected in Qualcomm. Among enterprises in the global communication field, Qualcomm's market value once reached a historical high of US$104.96 billion in 2013, surpassing the US$103.501 billion of Intel, which has always been the leader, and ranked first in the world.

First-rate companies sell patents, second-rate companies make products, and third-rate companies work hard. This is a widely circulated sentence in the industry: this sentence emphasizes the importance of patents. At Qualcomm's headquarters, several patent walls stand. Qualcomm hangs every patent certificate it owns on the wall. In the words of Qualcomm's leaders, every patent on the patent wall is Qualcomm's core asset and source of profit.

Currently, more than 6,000 patents have been hung on the wall, and thousands more patent applications are pending, as can be seen in a note posted on the wall.

In the 3G era, as the founder of CDMA technology, Qualcomm almost monopolized the right to use all technical patents related to CDMA. Any company that needs to use CDMA technology patents will have to pay a considerable amount of patent licensing fees to Qualcomm. At present, Qualcomm of the United States occupies 90% of the global CDMA chip market, owns more than 3,000 patents of CDMA and related technologies, and its CDMA core patents reach 600; among the core patents of 3G technology WCDMA, Qualcomm has Controlling 25% of them, it is still one of the leading giants in the industry.

If you still don't know what Qualcomm represents in the 3G era, you can look at the names of the three major (used to be four) standards of 3G: CDMA2000, WCDMA, and China's TD-SCDMA.

All used code division multiple access technology!

The era Zhao Song lived in was 2001, that is, in that year, Qualcomm entered China, and it was operated by China Telecom, which only had solidified business. Anyone who has experienced that time probably knows that a CDMA mobile phone is in the end. How expensive, because that bastard Qualcomm charges patent fees on every mobile phone!

Thank you for the high-level vision of our country. In 2000, we joined the competition for communication standards and made a breakthrough across the century! Well done!

Based on Qualcomm's rogue characteristics, it basically stands on the opposite side of the world, even in the United States!

So starting from 4G, the world began to formulate de-CDMA standards.

Speaking of this, I have to introduce another name, which is the organization for the formulation of communication standards: 3GPP.

In order to define a complete end-to-end system specification, to ensure compliance with industry requirements, to achieve seamless interoperability between different vendors and to provide mobile with the necessary global scale, and to achieve a smooth transition from 2G to 3G networks for GSM needs, thus creating an organization.

If global wireless communication is compared to a village, then this organization is definitely the head of the village. It tells you to plow whatever land you have to cultivate, and it makes your crops grow as high as your crops It must be so tall, otherwise I'm sorry, you don't belong to the standard of this generation of communication technology, this organization is 3GPP.

When 3GPP was established, all countries were discussing who should be the boss. It is cool to be the boss and has the right to speak. However, the innovation of each generation of mobile communication technology cannot be completed by a single company. It must be designed to the construction of base stations, Chip manufacturing that matches the process, technology research and development, what frequency to use, how many bands to use, etc.

After all, it is related to the issue of wireless Internet access for global users. After a final discussion, several operators with important positions or roles in the communication field in various countries around the world came to be members of 3GPP and invited seven big bosses successively. They are:

Japan Association of Wireless Industries and Business (ARIB), China Communications Standards Association (CCSA), Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS), Japan Telecommunications Technology Committee (TTC), European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), India Telecommunications Standards Development Association (TSDSI), Korea Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA).

It is easy to do things with an organization. Driven by 3GPP, the popularization of W-CDMA technology and TD-CDMA technology of the third generation mobile communication technology (3G) has been realized.

3GPP is to realize the evolution of GSM created by Europeans. Can the CDMA created by American actresses give up?

No, we also want to create one in North America! In the second year, 1999, a North American company and chip giant Qualcomm founded 3GPP2, which had a certain competitive relationship with 3GPP, but later Qualcomm gave up the evolution route from CDMA to 4G, and 3GPP2 gradually became marginalized, but 3GPP gradually grew. up.

When it comes to LTE (Long Term Evolution, long-term evolution), that is, 4G, major operators have developed TD-LTE and FDD-LTE two processes. The village head 3GPP came out and said that your process does not meet my standards. , LTE is only 3.9G, you don’t call it 4G, which embarrasses the operator, and finally rounded up, 3.9G is called 4G!

I have been calling 4G, but it has not been recognized by 3GPP. The domestic 4G network is only 3.9G standard of 3GPP.

Later, operators had no choice but to launch an upgraded version of LTE Advanced according to the 3GPP standard for 4G, which met the requirements of the International Telecommunication Union for 4G. It was not until later that LTE-A was called 4G.

Readers here can see: In the 4G era, the word CDMA has completely disappeared, and the de-CDMA movement has made breakthrough progress, but please don’t ignore Qualcomm, because it is Qualcomm!

The world's number one, Qualcomm, which spends tens of billions of dollars in research and development costs every year!

Time flies, and in 2017, since its establishment in 1998, 3GPP has been expanding and driven by members, involving a lot of work and collaboration from hundreds of companies, including network operators, terminal manufacturers, chip manufacturers, infrastructure manufacturers , academia, research institutes, and government agencies, the cumulative number of conference participants exceeded 6,000 in 2017.

Good guy, great job.

Regarding the future fifth-generation communication technology (commonly known as 5G), 3GPP will take a preventive shot in advance and tell the companies related to wireless networks that you must formulate 5G according to my requirements, otherwise I will not admit it.

The companies below said in unison, What is the request?

3GPP said that 5G must increase the speed and reduce the delay, and stipulates that the user experience transmission rate of the 5G network must meet at least 100Mbps (12.5M/s) download speed, 50Mbps (6.25M/s) upload speed, and the network delay time must not More than 4 milliseconds, and can maintain a stable network connection on a high-speed train at a speed of 500 kilometers per hour.

All the companies below agreed and promised to implement it in place.

The fourth generation of mobile communication technology, disobedient! If you don't recognize the standard, you will be angry. The 3GPP is not light. It is necessary to rectify and rectify you when the 5G era is approaching. 3GPP also requires that the 5G wireless network era not only involve data services and voice services, but also expand the mobile ecosystem. ULL, mission-critical services such as drones, digital TV broadcasting, car services, M2M/loT services, etc.

And three major scenarios are defined: eMBB, mMTC and URLLC.

And in the most critical scene of eMBB standard voting, the fantasy voting event has drawn the attention of the whole country to the 5G standard dispute!

The fantasy is notorious, the flower is famous all over the world, but Zhongxing, bear it silently!

Who is right?

To be continued!