Back to the Republic of China to be a editor

"...Looking at the results of the computer, it's really amazing. It took only 2 minutes to complete the calculation of 15 digits after the decimal point of pi." In the computer area, Natalia demonstrated the first calculation of the computer to the students , "Next, let's open the pi table and see how many times the amount of calculation will be increased to calculate the result after expanding to the position of the decimal point?"

"Increase 10 times."

"Then let's try to see if we can get the correct result by letting the computer calculate for 20 minutes."

"Why, why is such a powerful computer placed in the Children's Palace to calculate pi for these little devils running around? This machine is actually used as a toy by them?" Morozov said angrily.

"I'm also confused about this," Karpov said. "I've been here for the third time in the past week."

"Both of you, have you forgotten that today is Monday?" said the aunt administrator, "Every Monday morning, the Chinese comrades will come to maintain the computer, and he is also responsible for accepting orders for the computer."

"What intention? Order intention?"

"Yes, this computer is a display item presented by China to the Soviet Union. If you adults also want to buy a computer to play with, you can register with him."

……

"Hi, comrades, where are you from?" asked the T50 maintainer.

"Nizhny Tagil Ural Vehicle Plant Design Bureau." "Kharkov Plant Tank Design Bureau."

"Oh! Both of your design bureaus are very powerful!" The maintainer boasted, "A world-class tank design bureau."

"Kharkov would like to order two of your T50 computers." Karpov raised his head slightly.In the Soviet military industry system, the tank factories and tank design bureaus were the most powerful, rich and powerful.

"Ural also ordered two."

"That's it," the maintainer opened the record sheet, "T50 computer, which contains 12 computing units, the maximum computing speed is 15000 times per second, the computer can store binary data, the storage capacity is 50K, and the input method is punched tape input. , digital keyboard input, and output methods include digital screen preview and paper tape printing. The complete computer system also includes a punched tape input, a keyboard, a screen, and a printer. The quotation for these complete systems is 1 rubles."

The maintainer saw that Karpov's glasses were not trembling at all, and added: "The computing unit is modular and can be quickly replaced. One unit may fail in five months. It is recommended to purchase two or three additional computing units as spares when purchasing a computer. The price of a computing unit is [-] rubles.” The maintenance staff saw that Karpov’s glasses were still missing Trembling, so he finished the last half of the sentence: "One."

……

"Ha ha ha ha……"

In the conference room, the Prime Minister directly passed the telegram sent by Deng to Tang Hua. After reading the long and vivid sales report, Tang Hua couldn't help pounding the table and laughing.

"A total of 18 T50s were sold, with a revenue of 1040 million rubles," Mr. Dong said. "For the money, your Bureau of Electronics and Information Industry should check first. If you have any equipment or raw materials that you want to import from the Soviet Union, you should first remit the money." Let’s do some local statistics.”

Now the Soviet Union implements a fixed exchange rate system, fixing 4 rubles to 1 dollar.China also has a fixed exchange rate system for the ruble, with 1 ruble being exchanged for 11000 RMB (old currency).

The Soviet Union is a huge industrial body, and most of China's industrial product import needs can be found from the Soviet Union, as long as there are rubles.Therefore, for China at this time, the ruble is a foreign exchange that is as important as the US dollar.

"There are some, mainly some industrial master machines, for the next stage of product development." Tang Hua said, "It is estimated to be around 150 million rubles. I will give this list to Minister Bo and Minister Ye tomorrow. The rest of the rubles will be all Exchange it to RMB."

At present, the domestic electronics industry system needs to be completed, and what needs to be imported from the Soviet Union most is the production equipment of high-frequency signal devices. The main frequency of the T51 computer is going to be increased from 50K of the T12 to 20K, but if the main frequency of the T52 or a longer-term plan is to be increased to 100K or higher, a technical upgrade of the production equipment is required.

The net foreign exchange income of about 900 million rubles, equivalent to more than 200 million US dollars, is a huge sum of money in the hands of the Finance and Economics Committee/Ministry of Trade. In 1950, China’s foreign trade revenue and expenditure had always been monthly (yearly) light, and there was basically no foreign exchange earned from exports, which was used instead to purchase industrial equipment and industrial raw materials to accelerate domestic industrialization.Even the gold mines were nationalized immediately, and the state exclusively used them for mining. Except for the gold reserves needed to maintain the treasury for emergencies, the rest of the newly produced gold was used as foreign exchange to buy things internationally.This situation lasted until the early 20s when we started making shirts and socks in the era before Tang Hua.

"The maintainers and sales staff of the embassy in Moscow, the liaison office, and the computer team are very good," Tang Hua said, "It is recommended to reward them... The computers displayed in the Children's Palace should continue to be displayed. After all, these researches on purchasing computers now The exchanges between the institutes are not frequent, and they may not necessarily promote it to us spontaneously. The university has some publicity effects. In addition, in February next year, T51 will be transported to the Moscow Children's Palace for display as soon as possible."

"T51?" Minister Bo said in surprise, "The T1950 was released in 50, and the T1951 was released in 51. Change a generation every year?"

"Yes, and the computing speed of T51 will be twice that of T50." Tang Hua said, "In the next 10 years, the Bureau of Electronics and Information Industry will launch a new model of general-purpose computer every year, and the computing speed of each new model will be the previous one. About twice the model number."

Prime Minister, Elder Dong, and Minister Bo: ...

"What you said when you were in class in Yan'an, the future of computers, the information society, is about to come true?" Elder Dong asked.

"Ten years later, the calculation speed of the computer will reach more than 50 times that of the T1000. You said last time that the T50 computer is three to five years ahead of the American computer." The Prime Minister said.

"Yes, but computers in the United States and Western countries are also developing. My goal is to prevent them from catching up with us, and even widen the gap between them and us." Leading advantages in the field of electronic technology are reflected in weapons and equipment, industrial production, engineering design, national economy, information and transportation, etc., and are used to gain advantages in technology and equipment on the battlefield, and to drive the development of other industrial sectors and other industries of the country. "

Chapter 51, Vector Computing and Wind Tunnel

I had a happy discussion with the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Foreign Trade all morning about how to spend the 1000 million rubles. However, Tang Hua didn't know whether he would be able to earn 1000 million rubles every month in the future.After all, a computer is a ... durable consumer product. The T50 has a nominal service life of 3 to 5 years, and if the usage rate is relatively low, it may be more than 5 years.If the Soviet government office computer market is not opened (this may not be opened with the T50), then the potential users of the T50 are the Soviet Academy of Sciences, various engineering design units, weapon design bureaus and universities.The total market capacity is expected to be several hundred units.

After thinking about computers that can make money, the most important thing now is to think about computers that don't make money.

The Beijing Institute of Computer Science and the Beijing Institute of Communication and Electronics are now crammed into one building, not far from the Bureau of Electronics and Information Industry, and they are almost within walking distance.

Walking on the street, looking at the old buildings and streets, Tang Hua couldn't help feeling emotional. When he first arrived in Beijing in September 1949, the capital was still full of dilapidated and dusty empty houses, some of which could not find tenants, and some of the owners had disappeared.After more than half a year, these houses are no longer vacant, and they have all been arranged.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, 60 million people flooded into Beijing in a short period of time. The CPPCC, the Government Administration Council, ministries and commissions, and army headquarters were listed one after another. Factories reopened and new factories were to be built. With so many workers and their families, offices and residences are now crowded. It's full.The office building of the Bureau of Electronics and Information Industry may have been a warehouse of a government office.The original owner of the office building of the computer office was more sharp-eyed. According to the neighbors, the house was originally called Liumei Courtyard, a brothel.

... This brothel is really big, and a large wave of coders from the Computer Institute and the Communication Electronics Institute (about half of the people recruited) can actually fit in it all.

Therefore, from January to March 1949, when preparing for the CPPCC and agreeing on the capital, there was actually no other better choice.Apart from Beiping, where else can there be enough vacant houses to accommodate 1 people to live and work?

Alternately create a new administrative capital?

...Building a modern new city with a population of 60 for no reason, you are going to bankrupt TG.

Now the Bureau of Electronics and Information Industry has felt that the office building is not enough, and applied for building a new building and repairing a new hospital.It is estimated that in two months, the Beijing Municipal Party Committee will set up a housing management committee to allocate housing and let everyone squeeze in.

Walk into Liumei Courtyard, ah no, walk into the computer club, no, it's the computer club, and the director Wan Yongxi is already waiting at the door.

"The Institute of Computer Science and the Institute of Communication and Electronics are working together for the time being, so I have to feel wronged for the time being," Tang Hua said in the conference room where the temporary cameo in the workplace, "One year, at most one year, the office building of the Bureau of Electronics and Information Industry and the The compound can be built, and everyone will have ample space, even a small bed and a sleeping bag can be used in the office.”

There was no self-deprecating laughter from the audience, but cheers instead.

...This group of young people really live in a brothel. If there is room for a small bed in the office, they will really eat and live in the research institute.

Looking at the first generation of computer researchers in China sitting on chairs, sitting on small horses, or leaning on desks in the conference room, Tang Hua said: "You have not been given enough time to familiarize yourself with computer equipment and learn computer technology, but The project is very urgent and must be started now. I hope that everyone can study while studying. This time, the project is jointly completed by the Beijing Institute of Computer Science and the Institute of Communication Electronics. It is necessary to develop a miniaturized special-purpose computer with functions aimed at vector calculations. "

"There are strict requirements on the size of the computer, and it should not exceed the volume of this box." Tang Hua pointed to a wooden box with a handbag beside him.

"The data needs to be processed continuously in a pipeline, and parallel computing can be considered."

"The input and output are both electrical signals. In addition, the output vector calculation value needs to be calculated again to obtain control instructions and send them out continuously. This is why this project is jointly completed by the Institute of Computer Science and the Institute of Communication Electronics. The recalculation of signals The output module should also be packed into this wooden box together."

"The design of the special-purpose computer needs to be completed within two months. Here I have a preliminary design plan, and everyone can use it as a basis."

……

The first subsystem development task of the medium and low-altitude short-range air defense missiles has just been issued.

Radio command guidance.The most common method of the first generation of anti-aircraft missiles.

The S-25 and S-75 that use radio command guidance are medium-to-high altitude long-range air defense missiles, but in fact radio command guidance is not suitable for medium and long-range missiles. After all, the farther the distance is, the greater the command error is. Short-range point defense missiles such as the "Rattlesnake"/Red Flag-7 are suitable for command guidance.The Soviet Union was under too much pressure from U.S. strategic bombers, and had to defend in the medium and long range at medium and high altitudes. Even if only the guidance method of radio commands was available, it had to be tough.

The radio command guidance of the anti-aircraft missile is different from that of the Air Control-1 guided bomb.

The guided bomb is corrected by direct aiming. The bomber can see at a glance where the bomb is tilted, and then manually correct it.Because of the consideration of lift and pursuit trajectory, air defense missiles are usually not on the same line as enemy planes and launch vehicles, but at the three vertices of a triangle.This must be solved by the computer to obtain the correct correction instructions.

First, the missile itself emits high-frequency radio waves to tell the launch vehicle its position and direction.

Then the launcher uses radar to aim at the enemy plane to obtain the position and heading of the enemy plane.