Shanghai.
After getting off at Jinpu Road, crossed the Yangtze River by ferry, and transferred to the train from Nanjing to Shanghai, the delegation was deeply moved by the fact that there is no bridge on the Yangtze River.In Shanghai, the delegation listened to reports from the Ministry of Industry of East China, visited the Jiangnan Shipyard, Shanghai Steel Works, and Qiujiang Machine Tool Factory, and inspected the Japanese compensation materials, mainly machinery and equipment, left at Zhanghuabin Wharf in Shanghai.
Next, the delegation went to Kunshan to inspect Hon Hai Electronic Technology Company and Foxconn Radio Factory.Obviously, these two factories were established in the Shanghai-Suzhou area after Tang Hua instructed China Resources to purchase equipment from Hong Kong.
Although Shanghai has only been liberated for more than five months, under the support of an efficient construction team and China Resources' logistics support, the Foxconn radio factory has been put into production, and Hon Hai Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. has also released its first product.Tang Hua brought the inspection team here, and it felt like he was in a familiar area.
The chief accountant came with the delegation.The chief accountant is now not only the deputy prime minister, but also the director of the Finance and Economics Committee, and the minister of heavy industry, which is Tang Hua's immediate boss.The chief accountant has been rectifying the financial market in Shanghai for a while, and he just cleared up the profiteers recently. It happened that the inspection team came to Shanghai, so he followed to take a look.
"Has each of these two boxes of transistors been tested?" Tang Hua asked.
"Every tube has been tested and there is no problem at all." Hon Hai's general manager replied.
"Now the transistor factory still relies on imported germanium ingots?"
"Yes."
"The germanium smelting and refining plant is under construction, and it will take at least half a year before the products leave the factory. You should pay attention to stocking up more germanium ingots, because there will be a relatively large demand for transistors, and now they are only providing spare parts for radio factories. No, the future demand will be tens of thousands. In addition, if we do a good job in technology iteration research and development, the volume of the second-generation transistor will be 50% smaller than the current one, the average failure rate will be doubled, and the maximum operating frequency will be doubled. times." Tang Hua said.
……
"Comrades, what I hold in my hand is a box of crystal diodes and a box of transistors." After the delegation visited Hon Hai's workshop, Tang Hua took the delegation to a corner of the workshop.
"Diodes have unidirectional conductivity. When a forward voltage is applied to the anode and cathode of the diode, the diode is turned on. When a reverse voltage is applied to the anode and cathode, the diode is cut off. The triode has a current amplification function and can amplify weak signals into an electrical signal with a large amplitude."
"The earliest diodes and triodes were realized with vacuum glass tubes, just like these two. The computer I invented in the Soviet Union used vacuum tubes." Tang Hua put down the box and picked up two glass cylinders the size of soda cans . "The transistor is an electronic device made of semiconductor materials such as silicon germanium. Its volume is much smaller than that of a vacuum tube, and its average lifespan is more than 100 times that of a vacuum tube. Not only has a long lifespan and a low failure rate, but the transistor is also resistant to shocks. It is especially suitable for use in aircraft, tanks and other military equipment. We can now do a small experiment to feel intuitively what kind of function transistors have.”
The general manager of Hon Hai brought a bunch of parts and put them on the long table.Tang Hua seems to have returned to the laboratory where he took the digital circuit class at the university. Using both hands, resistors, capacitors, transistors, capacitors, capacitors, etc. are taken out of the box one by one, inserted into the place where they should be inserted, leads, wiring... …
After 10 minutes, a large number of electronic parts were plugged into the board, and the board was connected with a counting board.
"This is a simple digital display board." After Tang Hua finished speaking, he pressed the button, and the four-digit digital display board lit up. It first displayed the word "1921", and then swished to "1949".
"Its function is to display numbers. In the computer, this is an important part, because we always have to know what the result of the calculation is, which requires a row of display boards to display the final calculation results. When we estimate the displayed When the numbers are calculated correctly, let the computer print the calculated results on paper.”
"Of course, the core function of a computer is calculation, which still requires a huge machine with at least a few thousand transistors in it." Tang Hua continued, "But today, I can do the simplest addition Computing functions, let everyone experience the experience.”
After changing a board, I closed my eyes and meditated for a while, then opened my eyes, and quickly took out various parts and tubes from the parts box...
This time it took longer, more than half an hour later, a board that was almost filled with parts appeared in front of everyone.
"This displays the first digit of the addend, here displays the second digit, and here displays their sum." Tang Hua said, "This 'keyboard' is filled with numbers. If you want to calculate the sum of what and what number, Just press the number, then the plus sign, then another number."
"I'll try it, I'll try it." The chief accountant came up first, looked at the small keyboard for a while, first pressed "7", then "+", and then "8".
The two small digital display boards connected to the board show a 7 and an 8, and a + sign is fixedly placed between the 7 and 8.
The chief accountant presses "=".
The third digital display panel immediately displayed "15".
The chief accountant and the inspection team gathered around the long table, they were all silent because they didn't know what to say.
"Everyone, we are here today and completed China's first electronic digital calculation. This is probably the first time in the world to use transistors to complete digital calculation. This is a commemorative day." Tang Hua said.
"Tang Hua, is it true that if we put together thousands of transistors in this way, we can make a computer?" asked the chief accountant.
"Minister Chen, it's not simply amplifying and doubling....But, if I want to make a transistor computer now, it's not difficult for me. After all, I have already made one in the Soviet Union."
Liu Nai: "The General Administration of Ordnance Industry wants this. It wants two...no, three."
Chief accountant: "If according to what you said when you were on the road, computer data can be stored and displayed at any time, then the Financial and Economic Committee needs seven sets. Each branch must be equipped."
Chapter 22, scientific calculation mode and national statistics mode
After the visit to Hon Hai, the delegation settled for lunch in Kunshan.Unlike the factories in Northeast China and North China that we visited before, this Hon Hai Technology is owned by Tang Hua himself. As a major shareholder with 50% of the shares, it is okay to arrange to have a light meal in a restaurant.However, the inspection team and the chief accountant collectively refused to go to the restaurant, and entered the dining hall after queuing up.
"Is there no meat in the cafeteria today?" Tang Hua quietly asked the general manager after the inspection team entered.
"Minister, the food in our factory is meat every three days, today is not a meat day..."
A deputy prime minister, a deputy minister, and more than a dozen bureau-level cadres crowded into a corner of the workers' cafeteria. Each person had a large bowl of brown rice with yellowed grains, a spoonful of boiled pumpkin on top of the rice, and a few strips of salted radish.
"This meal is good." "The pumpkin is still a little greasy."
Tang Hua sighed, took a bowl of pumpkin rice and walked towards the delegation.
The trip of the heavy industry delegation ended in Kunshan.At the Foxconn cash register factory, Tang Hua finally gave each member a radio (the size of a brick), and the delegation disbanded.Some members of the regiment returned to Beijing, and Liu Nai went directly from Shanghai to Taiyuan to integrate the Taiyuan arsenal and industrial enterprises left by Yan Laoxi. After the work in Taiyuan was completed, the next stop was Chongqing.The chief accountant continued to run back and forth between Nanjing and Shanghai. The silver dollar battle had just ended, and the rice cotton battle was about to start again.After calculating, the chief accountant and Liu Nai will spend the Spring Festival on business trips.
As for Tang Hua, he also took the task of developing China's first computer, but it was in Shanghai, so he was in his old home.Moreover, the chief accountant often appears in Shanghai, so it is very easy to exchange work.
Therefore, while starting computer development, Tang Hua still had time to plan work items for the Electronics Industry Bureau...
"
[-]. Complete the development of China's first electronic computer, that is, the world's first transistor computer, and organize small-scale production;
2. Cooperate with the General Administration of Ordnance Industry to develop 500 kg and 250 kg radio command correction guided bombs for Tu-[-] bombers;
3. Develop a transistorized modification kit for the Soviet-made P-[-] air-to-air warning radar;
[-]. Continue to improve and enrich the electronic industry system, start to expand production capacity, and establish a factory consortium;
Fives,……
"
The core device of the transistor computer, Tang Hua directly decided to use the second-generation transistor of Hon Hai Technology, which is expected to be offline in January 1950. Therefore, the size of most parts of the computer is also determined based on the size of the second-generation transistor. Currently, Tang Hua The main work is drawing design and principle verification.Although he made a MESM in the Soviet Union, Tang Hua did not want to copy a MESM directly, but took another step.
The Tu-2 bomber was the main bomber model aided by the Soviet Union in the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Now the Soviet Union has begun to hand over the Tu-2 to China (both are spot equipment of the Soviet Air Force in the Far East). Our pilots are undergoing training in the Northeast and are expected to be released in February. Fly, and then turn to the south to prepare for the liberation of Taiwan and Penghu.The development of guided bombs and radio guidance systems must be done quickly, because there is also a process of training bomb controllers.
The P-3 air-to-air warning radar is also being delivered one after another, and it is deployed in Shanghai and the southeast coast to prevent the Kuomintang air force from harassing.The original P-3 radar has a detection range of about 35 kilometers for fighter jets and 100 kilometers for bomber targets. If the electronic components are improved, the detection distance and detection accuracy will be greatly improved.
Besides writing the plan, the second thing Tang Hua did in Shanghai was to arrest people.
In the Electrical Engineering Department of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Tang Hua held up the banner of the Electronics Industry Bureau and gave a speech in the auditorium. In one afternoon, he recruited more than a dozen senior students from the Electrical Engineering Department and three teachers.As interns, the students will be hired as researchers at the Shanghai Institute of the Electronics Industry Bureau after half a year of graduation.The teacher talked about a job-hopping, and became the group leader, while the other two teachers came to assist.As for... Fortunately, he has already graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering.At the same time that Tang Hua was arresting people in Shanghai, the Bureau of Electronics Industry Bureau (the only organization Tang Hua formed before his business trip) was also arresting people in the Department of Electrical Engineering of Tsinghua University, preparing to set up a Beijing office.
By mid-December 1950, the Shanghai Institute was fully operational.The students were divided into groups and each received their own tasks. The first group designed various electromechanical devices and circuit boards according to Tang Hua's sketches, and then tried to make circuit components in the workshops of Hon Hai and Foxconn.The second group practiced in the magnetic machine factory and solved some "small problems" according to Tang Hua's instructions.The third group, led by Hon Hai engineers, went to Guangzhou to familiarize themselves with the imported picture tube production equipment.The fourth group does not make displays, but makes high-pixel segment code screens that will be used soon.The fifth group was sent to the punching machine factory to study how to convert the machine from punching to ribbon punching.
On the other side of the ocean, in January 1950, Dr. von Neumann was designing a vacuum tube computer EDVAC with a stored program function in his laboratory.
In distant Moscow, the chairman who set off to visit the Soviet Union in December 1949 was negotiating with the Soviet Foreign Ministry and members of various committees, one by one, for Soviet aid projects and Soviet loans. This will go all the way to 12 Only returned to China on February 1950.
On the Penghu Islands, Hu Lian led the 12th Army, the only remaining army of the 67th Corps, and watched the sea in panic.In the Battle of Jinmen, two of the three newly formed armies of the 12th Corps were knocked out at once, and the 6 people shrank to 2 again.
In Taipei, Chiang Kai-shek stretched out his trembling right hand. He no longer had the energy to scold the generals in the headquarters for being "scumbags". He just pointed to the map and asked Sun Liren to send a newly trained American army to Penghu.Penghu is the gateway to Taiwan Island. After Penghu is over, Chiang Kai-shek's defensive front must be the entire west coastline of Taiwan Island.
In Hong Kong, China Resources quietly bought a tank landing ship. After retiring from the U.S. military in 1946, this landing ship was quickly sold to an inter-island ferry company in the Philippines. out of the country.
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