Back to the Republic of China to be a editor

……

"Infrared remote control, I finally see what I want." Tang Hua said, "Director Wang, you are amazing."

"We can now produce the infrared headlights of the night vision device by ourselves. The remote control has low power and only requires an effective distance of 15 meters, which is actually not too difficult." Wang Dayan said, "Minister Tang, this remote control and Should the production of infrared receivers continue in Changchun, or should the production line be moved to Guangzhou?"

In 1950, Tang Hua bought a short-wave radio remote control for the Huawei TV factory as an emergency. Although this remote control can pass through walls and may disturb neighbors, it seems to be selling well.Originally, Tang Hua asked Huawei to produce TVs just to let them practice their hands. The factory should not be idle, otherwise the operating skills of the technicians would be degraded.But in the end, it was found that there are quite a few TV sets sold to the West through Hong Kong every month. In October 1950, it reached more than 10 sets. In early 500, Britain and the United States imposed comprehensive sanctions. , but under such circumstances, more than 1951 remote-control TVs were still sold every month. Since the beginning of 200, the sales of smuggled and sold TVs have actually increased.

Upgrade your TV remote from shortwave radio to infrared, and you have a standard TV remote. ...Although the infrared remote control in my hand is a bit big, it is about the same as a DJ-1 walkie-talkie.

Trade with the Soviet Union and earn rubles.Export things from Hong Kong for trade, earning dollars.

Although the Sino-Soviet alliance exists firmly now, the ruble is foreign exchange, and the equipment and materials needed for domestic construction can basically be bought with rubles, but it is a good thing to have such a sum of dollars in hand.

"The sales of remote-control TVs are not too big. You should produce them for Huawei first in the next six months." Tang Hua said, "Although the railway transportation distance is long, the remote control and receiver are not large, and a car of leather tubes lasts for several months. Wait. In the future, we will consider producing remote controls in Guangzhou after domestic and foreign demand for TV sets increases.”

Wang Dayan: "Speaking of which, is Beijing TV station going to be established soon?"

"I know that the Central Propaganda Department is preparing to recruit troops, but this thing is not so easy to do, and it is too different from broadcasting. Just wait." Tang Hua said, "Maybe, the Electronic Information Industry Bureau The videotape recording/playing system has been developed, and Beijing TV Station has just started its official operation. Has the ultraviolet laser been built for the industrial laser project of your Institute of Optoelectronics?"

"Now that a high-power argon laser has been produced, Professor Zhao of the ultraviolet laser has just made a test laser. Our Changchun Institute is exploring and building a similar device. It will be later to achieve industrial-grade high-power. In addition, the optical components are currently really Not going to import?"

"Let's wait and see how far Changchun Optical Instrument Factory can grow," Tang Hua said, "Aren't you making mercury lamps? This thing can be used for at least three years. If it is not so aggressive, it can be used for five years. "

Wang Dayan: "Now the triode we make is as small as a match head, and the film processing is said to be more accurate than before. In a few years, the use of lasers will definitely make the plane processing equipment more precise, and it will not be done in the future. Transistors like hair?"

Tang Hua: "In a sense,... yes. Transistors will be smaller and keep getting smaller.

……

Mercury lamp is the energy source used in the current planar technology lithography of silicon wafers.This is not a laser, but a multi-band mixed light. The bands with relatively concentrated energy are at 436 nanometers, 405 nanometers and 365 nanometers. After filtering the light, it can be used to lithographically silicon wafers to make transistor cores.

In fact, strictly speaking, mask direct contact lithography machines can be done without lasers but with strong light from high-power mercury lamps.

"Changchun Optical Instrument Factory is next door to us. I am very familiar with it," Wang Dayan said. , Their trial-produced military binoculars came out. But I think it is still a bit difficult to achieve the optical components with the precision and light transmittance you mentioned.”

Tang Hua said with a smile: "Didn't I just say that, don't worry. You can figure out the glass formula yourself or use a ready-made one, but you still need to be patient with the craftsmanship."

……

"The electronic password machine passed the test in the Air Force, and your debugging and improvement work has also been successfully completed. The project team will move on to the next task. The first thing to do is... disband."

This year, the Beijing Computer Institute also built a small "computer" - an electronic password response-recognition machine for the identification friend or foe system.These are actually two small computers, one on the plane and one on the radar system.Because the structure is not too complicated, Liang Chuanjia of the Institute of Computer Science took out the prototypes in three months with five fresh troops. The first pair of prototypes were taken away by the Air Force for testing. There was no major problem. When Tang Hua came back, the project team had already Drill is preparing a production plan at the Beijing Electronics Factory.

Tang Hua said that the project team would disband for a while, and the six people were stunned.

"After the first-generation identification friend or foe system... is completed, shouldn't we continue to develop the second generation?" Liang Chuanjia said hesitantly.

"Is it because the IFF system is slow to be updated, let's do one or two other things first?" The team members below guessed.

"After this project is completed, you also understand that the so-called electronic password answering machine-recognition machine is actually a computer, two computers with a single function." It’s a computer, it’s also a computer’, but now you can get your mind out of the old box and think about what it is.”

Liang Chuanjia and the five team members turned their heads and thought hard.

"Minister Tang, the pair of computers we developed essentially transform a beam of radio waves with information..." a team member was thinking.

"This transformation is...encryption?"

Liang Chuanjia raised his hand and said his answer, "The electronic password answered by the answering machine is encryption, and... the identification machine is decryption?"

Tang Hua smiled and nodded at Liang Chuanjia.

……

What needs the identification friend or foe system most is the surface-to-air missile/anti-aircraft gun system and the country's fighter aircraft. The Mark40 in the 1s agreed on the radar frequency for identification, and the system had to perform mechanical modulation in the entire radar band.By the end of the 50s and the beginning of the 60s, the electronic password response-recognition system was basically the recognized development direction of the IFF system.

When the ground radar is searching the airspace, a little bit of information is loaded into the electromagnetic waves sent out. If it is translated, it will be a string of numbers.The own fighter equipped with the electronic password response system sends a response signal immediately after sensing the detection of the radar wave.The response signal is also loaded with information, which is obtained by doing some transformations on the string of numbers from the ground radar.

In this way, the ground radar not only received the echo from the fighter plane, but also received a string of numbers from the transponder.After the recognition machine judges that this is the correct number, the friendly aircraft of our side will be specially marked on the radar screen, or marked with red dots and other aircraft with white dots, or put a red circle outside the white dot, in short, how conspicuous it is. Come.

The purpose of setting up the electronic password response-recognition system is to prevent the enemy from bluffing after trying once or twice.Without knowing the algorithm of our transponder, even if the enemy plane sends a wave of false response signals, but it cannot pass through the radar identification machine, then it is still an enemy plane on the radar screen.

The algorithm of the answering machine must not be too simple.If the algorithm makes the enemy figure it out, and the enemy plane uses the same calculation method to find the correct identification code and send it back, the ground radar will not be able to distinguish between the enemy plane and the friendly plane.So the transponder on the plane is a small transistor digital encryption machine.

Therefore, speaking of it, the "Huoyan"-1 identification friend or foe system made by Liang Chuanjia's team is the world's first computer encryption and decryption system...

Liang Chuanjia should have realized it a long time ago, probably because Tang Hua also designed the algorithm circuit for them when he gave them the task, so Liang Chuanjia's team thought they were making a computer and the accompanying radio reception and transmission. System only.

"What you have just completed is a computer encryption and decryption system." Tang Hua said, "Its encryption and decryption can be completed in an instant, and the speed is dozens of times faster than tapping the telegraph key by hand. The volume...is larger than that of a mechanical cipher machine. However, the encryption strength has reached the level of high-end mechanical cipher machines. The mechanical cipher machines that German, American, and Swiss cryptography experts spent more than ten years building have reached the It’s on par with them.”

The thinking of the six people in the group finally came alive.

"Then if we develop this thing, our army's telegram will become the most difficult telegram in the world."

"Our technology is leading. As long as there are no low-level mistakes, the Americans can't crack it at all."

"We don't need to develop radio receivers and transmitters, but we may have to ask cryptographers to help..."

Tang Hua: "It is necessary to hire a cryptographer. A super cryptographer will join the team, but he still has a task to do, and he won't be able to meet him until one or two years later. In addition, the new team will also have mathematicians. Professors and teachers of electricity. Digital encryption and decryption are inseparable from mathematics."

A mathematician, with thinning hair and thick glasses, the kind of mathematician who accidentally hits a tree while walking.

I chatted with my classmates in Yan'an back then, and said that applied technology and engineers are the most urgently needed professional fields in China in the future, and the basic science community must be patient.Within a few years, Tang Hua became "really fragrant".

... But having said that, for digital encryption and decryption, Tang Hua is looking for professors and teachers in the direction of applied mathematics, which is also "application".

By the way, I have to explain that Nortel is almost Beiyou. Because it is a university established by the Electronic Information Industry Bureau of the Ministry of Heavy Industry instead of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications has become Beijing University of Electronics and Information.The school site has not changed, it is still at No. 10, Xitucheng Road, Haidian District.

"Super strong cryptography expert, who is he?" A group member raised his hand and asked.

Tang Hua: "You just need to know that he is a super strong cryptographer, don't care about the name. I mean, when he works with you, he will probably use a fake name."

"We won't see it until one or two years later. Doesn't that mean that the development cycle of this digital encryption and decryption computer will be very long?"

Tang Hua: "It's very long. Let me tell you something in advance. Although you have made the computer design more complex, Huoyan-1 only has [-] transistors, which is too simple. The digital encryption machine started with [-] transistors. As for how to realize it now Don't worry about it. However, there is something that needs the help of the six of you. Go and help Professor Cai Changnian and Professor Zhou Jiongpan move. They have already arrived in Beijing, but the campus of Nortel has not been repaired yet, and the place they live in is too dilapidated. You put this The two teachers took their belongings and went to the dormitory of the computer institute together."

Chapter 233, Factory 112A specializes in all kinds of aircraft

"Shenfei is now a jack-of-all-trades, repairing both the MiG-15 and the Tu-2, and now he can also make major modifications to the Tu-4." From Beijing to Shenyang, Tang Hua went straight to Factory 112A as soon as he got off the bus. Director Duan Zhijun took Tang Hua to see the five modification workshops in Factory 112A.

"Now the Aviation Industry Bureau only has Shenfei, a decent aircraft factory, which is not a panacea," Tang Hua said, "And it is true that Shenyang is close to North Korea, and it is more convenient for the MiG-15 of the Volunteer Air Force to be repaired and overhauled here. , You can return to the army as soon as it is repaired for a test flight. But soon, the entire aviation industry system will be laid out, and the fleet technicians and engineers trained by Shen Fei will be seeds at that time, and they will be dispersed to become a group of factories."

The Aviation Industry Bureau was established in April 1951. It is the latest industrial bureau established by the Ministry of Heavy Industry (the penultimate one is the Shipbuilding Industry Bureau). However, shipping and aviation are actually two major categories at the top of the modern industrial system and are absolutely important. .There is only one reason for its late establishment: there is no foundation.There is not even a shadow of an airport, and it is too strange to set up an industrial bureau headquarters.However, in April 4, the establishment of an aircraft manufacturing plant in Shenyang was finalized with the Soviet Union, and the Aviation Industry Bureau was established immediately, with its headquarters in Shenyang.

In the past year, Shenfei has expanded on the basis of Air Force 38 Factory. However, it is still unable to manufacture brand new aircraft, and its overhaul capability is very outstanding.Now there are five modification/overhaul workshops, one is changing Tu-4, one is changing Tu-2, and three are overhauling or modifying MiG-15.

"The first time I saw the Tu-4 parked on the ground, my legs were a little weak," Duan Zhijun said, "It's so high, the tail is three stories high, and the neck is sore when I lift my head up to see the tip. The fuselage is such a long row of houses, the kind of house that can be repaired with a three-meter Kang. This is a tall building in the air. In my previous concept, it is a miracle that such a big thing flies.”

Duan Zhijun actually studied science and engineering in the Soviet Union. He came from the Moscow Transportation Institute (specialist), majoring in radio communication.But being exposed to Tu-4, a weapon that was at the pinnacle of the aviation industry in the 40s, was indeed beyond his previous cognition.