Back to the Republic of China to be a editor

The general manager and new chief engineer of Hon Hai Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. came to Beijing to report to Tang Hua.

"After the arrival of the third-generation transistor planar technology, we debugged and ran it in April, and finally got it done. In the three months of May, June, and July, the output of planar technology production is increasing, because the production efficiency is high, and the artificial The amount of usage is small, so the expansion of production capacity in the future mainly depends on increasing the production line of planar technology. The fourth planar transistor line is being installed, and it is estimated that it will be put into production in October this year. By then, the monthly production of transistors will increase by 4. I just don’t know the third , When the equipment for the fourth production line will be in place, we have already arranged the factory buildings and workshops."

Tang Hua: "The optical modules of the planar transistor production line need to be imported from the Soviet Union. The precision instrument factory in Shanghai is also waiting for the rice to be cooked, and a set of optical modules is used to build a production line. Is the handover of the factory normal?"

General Manager: "Hon Hai is responsible for the passivation process itself. In May, the quality of the chemical coating was not stable. I personally went to Nantong Chemical Park to solve this problem. It will be normal after June."

Tang Hua: "Hon Hai will also import some acid and alkali solutions from Yongli Chemical. How is the quality of their supply?"

General Manager: "Wynn's supply has never been a problem."

"If some coordination work needs to be promoted to the level of the Bureau of Nonferrous Metals and the Bureau of Chemical Industry, immediately call and send a telegram to Beijing," Tang Hua said, "The Ministry of Heavy Industry will coordinate these problems, so that they can be resolved as soon as possible and thoroughly. Contact me Or Zhou Kuan is fine, maybe you can find Zhou Kuan to solve it faster. Xie Gong, after returning to China for more than half a year, Hon Hai Laboratory is now operating under your leadership, right?"

"The laboratory is operating according to the previous rules and procedures. Over the past six months, well, I have finally let my knowledge keep up with the pace of domestic development." Hon Hai Chief Engineer Xie Xide covered his face.

Don't just look at the name, Chief Engineer Xie Xide is a sister.

Graduated from the Department of Mathematics and Physics of Xiamen University, received a Ph.D. in Solid State Physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1951, and then returned to China secretly.Later, she was the president of Fudan University and an expert in semiconductor physics.

Tang Hua: "Manager Shen, Hon Hai's operation and management have been good this year. This is your work performance. If you continue to maintain it, then I will give you full marks this year. I still have work today. You leave Xie Gong, and then You can go."

General manager:……

……

"Thank you, do you know Huang Kun?"

From the office area to the test area, Tang Hua asked Xie Xide.

"I haven't met Professor Huang, but I know a lot about it. After all, he is a colleague. He studied at the University of Bristol in the UK and was a student of Mott. He published the theory of diffuse scattering of solid impurities and defects in the UK, which seems to be called 'yellow scattering'." There is also the parallel "Huang theory" and "Huang equation". In addition, he was still co-writing "Lattice Dynamics" with Born before returning to China, and I don't know if he has finished writing it now."

Tang Hua: "I borrowed him from the Physics Department of Peking University, and then transferred you from Hon Hai. The Electronic Information Industry Bureau established the X team, and the main members are the three of us."

"Squad X? What does it do?"

"I'll know when I get to the laboratory, Professor Huang should be there."

……

"Professor Huang," Tang Hua greeted Huang Kun when he met him in the laboratory, "Didn't Li F come with you?"

Tang Hua explained to Xie Xide: "A. Rhys, Li Aifu, Professor Huang's schoolgirl and fan, after Professor Huang returned to China, she actually found a way to come to China to reunite with Professor Huang."

Huang Kun: "She's my follower, of course she's here today, but she can't enter this level of confidentiality area, and she's walking around the entrance of the computer office."

The opening of the laboratory was first started by Xie Xide to start the planar semiconductor processing equipment.In addition to the processing equipment for transistor core devices using planar technology, Hon Hai also asked Tang Hua to send a set to Beijing.

The principle of plane technology is a bit like printing photos with negatives.

The first step is to take a photo of the designed transistor circuit, and then copy these small patterns, usually at least more than 100, or even more than 300, and lay them on a plane, which is equivalent to the large base of the photo.

In the second step, the silicon wafer is placed under the master plate and illuminated with light—photolithography.

In fact, what is practical is not the laser, but the ordinary strong light. Anyway, the intensity of the light can harden the coating.It can be understood as a Brazilian barbecue box.If you want to use lasers on lithography equipment, it is a bit far away. Now Changchun Optical Instrument Factory and Changchun Optoelectronics Institute are still slowly incubating.

Anyway, after the strong light shines on, the pattern drawn in the base plate will block the "exposure", and more than 100 patterns will be printed on the coating of the silicon wafer.

Then silicon germanium is evaporated and doped again, and finally the silicon wafer is cut, and a round cake is cut into more than 200 rice grain-sized silicon grains.Small silicon grains are handed over to workers for packaging and pinning, and a transistor is ready.

This set of equipment was tinkered with at the beginning of this year and handed over to Hon Hai for trial use. The effect is obvious. Not only the output of transistors has increased faster, but the manufacturing cost has dropped a lot, and the quality of the transistors produced is better.

"Professor Huang, are you continuing to write the book co-authored by Max Born after returning to China?" Tang Hua asked Huang Kun while Xie Xide started debugging the plane processing equipment.

Huang Kun: "I'm writing. I promised Mr. Born. When I returned to China, I brought a typewriter back. It was right to return to China! The laser research that is in full swing in China is the absolute research on lattice dynamics. Good supplement and example explanation, I also used Born’s lattice theory to give Mr. Zhao new suggestions for lasers. Anyway, with laser theory and actual operation data, this book will definitely be a blockbuster!"

Tang Hua sighed, "When it comes to lasers, it's really troublesome. Don't send the manuscript you wrote in China to Born after it's finished. You know the reason."

Huang Kun was discouraged: "...Yes, I know. We only announced part of the laser technology to the public, and even some categories are completely confidential."

Tang Hua: "At least two laser technology projects have entered the research and development stage of military equipment models. New military technologies are applied to military equipment, and military equipment can change the shape of the battlefield. You also know the shock brought by the Hongqi-2 air defense missile last year to resist US aggression and aid Korea. .”

Huang Kun: "Then I will write back to apologize to Mr. Born and tell him that he may not be able to write in the near future."

"It is necessary to express an apology, but you can tell him that he is still writing this book. You might as well tell Born in a letter, and say it in a more cryptic tone," Tang Hua considered each word, "Just say, I will reply. To China for a year, to continue the research of physics in China, and to see the major breakthroughs made by Chinese domestic physicists. This is an engineering miracle and a carnival of solid state physics. If you can come to China, you can see This miracle also sees the future of lattice dynamics."

Huang Kun: "Can you really invite Mr. Born? The kind that you can't go back once you come?"

……

"The debugging is complete. Minister Tang, is Team X preparing to improve the planar lithography equipment and use the next-generation equipment to produce the next-generation transistor?"

Tang Hua took out a roll of drawings from the cabinet and spread it out on the desk in the laboratory.

"I intend to use this device to produce computers."

What marks the beginning of the information age?It is now generally believed that the invention of ENIAC can only be regarded as a sign of the beginning of the computer age, and the beginning of the information age should be counted from the invention of the integrated circuit.The information technology of early computers has not been able to widely affect all aspects of social life.But after the advent of integrated circuits, the situation is very different.A chip completely integrates information control, processing and transmission functions, and it can be directly applied to various industrial and civilian products. At this time, the whole world becomes an information-driven society.

The integrated circuit... isn't that mysterious either, and it didn't just fall from the sky in a sudden technological explosion.

The use of planar technology to process silicon wafers to make transistors is the front-end technology of integrated circuits, which is the early prototype of lithography machines-if this is also considered a lithography machine, it may have been born before the birth of integrated circuits.

Then the second prerequisite is to know how to make all the components on the silicon wafer.

After these two preconditions are met, integrated circuits are invented very quickly.In the original history, transistors were mass-produced in 1956, planar technology was invented by Fairchild Semiconductor in 1958, and it was used to produce transistors in 1959. In fact, Kilby invented integrated circuits. At that time, Texas Instruments, where Kilby worked, was still Did not master plane technology. In 1959, Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor finally came to fruition and invented a packaged integrated circuit that was basically the same as the current chip.

"There are now 230 transistors on this piece of silicon." Tang Hua held in his hand a silicon piece that Xie Xide tried to engrave when debugging the equipment just now. , to have 230 transistors leave the factory. In fact, after the planar technology was developed and sent to Hon Hai for production, I kept thinking, why should I cut these small grains? Can I not cut it?"

Huang Kun: ...

Xie Xide: ...

"The circuit of a computer consists of five devices: triodes, diodes, resistors, capacitors, and inductors. I want to make them all in one silicon chip." Tang Hua pointed to the blueprint, "Needless to say about triodes and diodes, what we have now There are more than 200 in a silicon chip. I have already made a discrete resistor built on the silicon chip. The capacitor is even simpler, and two diodes are reversed head-to-head to form a capacitor. With a capacitor, the inductor is no longer Problem."

"Professor Huang, if silicon diodes and triodes are densely arranged on a silicon chip, I need to know the interaction between them, and the work of quantum calculation and verification is entrusted to you."

"Thank you, besides this planar lithography equipment, the Bureau of Electronics and Information Industry is still moving several equipments to Beijing. When the time comes to install them in the laboratory, you may be the main operator."

It is planned to use integrated circuit technology on the T54 computer, but the integrated circuit industry involves too many technologies and factories. If the integrated circuit technology is to reach a slightly mature state when the T54 enters mass production, then now is almost the time started.

Chapter 227, the nuclear shadow has not dissipated

Deng Jiaxian's nuclear reactor has been designed, and the design blueprint is in a large stack of papers in front of him.

The Institute of Atomic Energy Sciences was established in 1950. Speaking of which, Tang Hua was also at the meeting when the decision to establish the Institute was made. Guo Moruo proposed the Institute of Atomic Energy Sciences, and said without hesitation that the future goal is to study atomic energy and atomic weapons.Tang Hua agreed, and at the same time reminded the research institute that it might be lonely in the first few years, and paper-and-pencil theoretical research would dominate.

However, paper-and-pencil theoretical research is true, but loneliness may not be.

In April 1951, the world’s first supercomputer TC4 was decommissioned. TC50 settled in the 51 Center, and TC50 was secretly transported back to Beijing. Institute of Computing, TC50 is placed here.