Harry Potter’s Morning Light

   Chapter 2450 Cecal Zone (4)

  In the English legal system of evidence, if we want to define the concept of hearsay evidence itself, there are different opinions and no conclusion can be formed. It has been argued that hearsay refers to the stated or implied facts made by witnesses who cannot testify in court, affirmations and facts recorded in documents presented to the court in the absence of witnesses to testify.

   People have a sense of reliance on words and paper, but there are also people who place more reliance on testimony from witnesses, especially when they put their hands on the Bible and swear by it. Not everyone, however, takes oaths as a big deal, and they lie even with their hands on the Bible.

  The last words of the deceased, public documents and records, and authoritative publications on public affairs all echo the characteristics of hearsay evidence, and can also be admissible in court as exceptions as evidence of knowledge of facts. But when confronted with anti-physical, paranormal facts such as witches, ghosts, etc., the evidence presented to support such claims is often discredited, and paranormal events are never supported by the "best evidence."

As long as there are "exceptions", the cases of "exceptions" will become more and more complicated. The English procedural law of 1800 can hardly be called a "system", including enclosure law. The procedures are quite messy, full of ad hoc and arbitrary and incomprehensible artifacts, largely created by lawyers and judges. Especially hearsay evidence, it is a messy mixture of a series of "exceptions", "rules" and "rationalization", so there is Bentham's research and reform of the law of evidence.

  The two deceased wives of William Cork are impossible to go to court, which is ridiculous, but there is no direct evidence that William Cork killed his wives. The circumstantial evidence must first persuade the judge or jury to recognize the existence of evidential facts, and then deduce the existence of the disputed facts.

   Another key figure in this case was a Methodist priest, and since the 18th century, the argument for the existence of God has shifted from a divine revelation to a search for more convincing evidence.

In the Thirty-nine Articles of Faith, "We admit that **** and the apostle James forbade believers to take oaths easily, and we can infer that Christianity does not prohibit taking oaths. Prophets teach, swear by righteousness, insight and truth."

   There are often other disciplinary methods when swearing, such as thunder strikes from the sky, but the official punishment method is often perjury, and it is better to send them to prison than to wait for the thunder to strike. Lies in perjury are only punished if they testify under oath, and children, excommunicated, atheists, and those who refuse to take an oath are excluded and fall under the "lie permission system structure", and these people are often considered ineligible witness.

The    ceremony will legitimize some powers, breaking the wedding vows in the marriage relationship, no matter who is at fault, will not be put in prison, but perjury in court according to the Bible will be locked up. Religious discipline is inherently weak, not to mention that false miracles, like other pious deceptions, are sometimes used to serve evil interests.

The last witch in Europe, Geraldine, was sentenced to death in a situation of "justice and solemnity". When the innocent is sentenced, it will cause a very serious harm, and this harm is precisely what the law is trying to eliminate. The law has wronged A good man, the public would fear undue harm himself, for similar reasons.

  The suffering of innocent people, the suffering of innocent victims in judicial process, and the suffering of guilty people being legally punished all need to be proved, otherwise it is a crime. There are many people who support the abolition of torture, because it will cause humiliation, and some people think that the truth can bring a sense of security, and the existence of torture can make those deceitful people honest.

   From this, there is a point of view that "it is better to let a thousand guilty people escape than to let one innocent person be sentenced to the law", personal misfortune, including the death of innocent people, the judicial court should not be ruthless because of the risk.

But letting a thousand guilty people escape is no small matter. The Pope also intervened in the case of the healer Michele, even though Michele said he was not from the wizard's side, but a "guarantor of the harvest", who was also accused of Convicted, if previous witchcraft trials targeted women, male wizards were not spared either.

  The job of the shepherd is to drive the wolf away. A wolf mixed into the flock will cause harm to innocent people and make more innocent people sad.

  People don't think so much when it comes to gossip, and to make matters worse, the William Kirk case has been in the papers, people are rushing to see that haunted house, and it has spread to Europe.

   He really doesn't look like a man who can kill his wife, but if he is really innocent, why does a ghost appear in his house?

  Harry identified Draco Malfoy as the one who cursed under the necklace, and he had no direct evidence, he just witnessed Malfoy at the Three Broomsticks.

   This method of accusation is very much in line with the Muggle witchcraft accusation model. Someone's cow was sick, and two women happened to have inflamed eyes, so they were accused of being witches casting a spell on a neighbor's cow.

What about the evidence? Harry said "ijustknow", which was understandable considering he was raised in the Muggle world and underage.

  Wizards do not believe in God. Although there are godfathers, they do not need to lay their hands on the Bible to swear.

   There is also Veritaserum, which is illegal for underage wizards to drink, but there is no such rule for adult wizards, and the fake Alastor Moody can drink a lot.

  If Padma doesn't go to England and get involved in William Kirk's case, then she can keep playing, but if she's going to "adventure", she has to deal with this non-"fairy tale" knowledge.

   After returning to the residence, Georgiana burned the reply letter. When the letter was burnt, she felt that she had no strength all over her body, as if her bones had turned to ashes.

   Just as she was barely standing by the table, there was a knock on the door, and the door opened without her permission.

   "Who are you?" she said, looking at the uninvited guest.

   "We met, in Antwerp." The woman said, "Kiala gave you a slap."

   "I remember." Georgiana said, "Are you the female boxer?"

   "You wrote back to Polly?" said the woman.

"none of your business?"

  The woman took out a small piece of folded paper from her chest and handed it to Georgiana.

   "Copy it according to this."

  Georgianna didn't answer.

   "We all know that you don't know where he is, but the people he trusts know, you just need to write the letter and give it to them."

   "I see." Georgiana sneered, "I'm like a worm on a hook, just waiting for the fish to bite so you can find him along the line."

   "That's what you think." Charlotte put the note on the table. "Come on, curfew is coming soon."

"how……"

   "People in the castle are not allowed to walk around after curfew, except you." Charlotte sat down on a chair. "I really can't see that you have such a skill."

  Georgianna sneered indifferently.

   It was just a dream, so she opened the piece of paper.

  "Ew~" She exclaimed after reading the contents of the letter, "Who wrote this?"

   "It's not me anyway." Charlotte said dryly, "Write now!"

  Georgianna sat down reluctantly and copied down the letter.

While copying, she glanced at the burnt-out paper ball in the ashtray next to her, and felt as if some evidence had been destroyed. She felt a lot more relaxed, although what she was doing at the moment was really what he wrote in his letter, like a liar.

   (end of this chapter)