Harry Potter’s Morning Light

   Chapter 2444 "Sheep" and "Wolf" (5)

In Maria Theresa's reforms, including the improvement of prison conditions, each prisoner can even have a single room, but she did not abolish the use of torture in justice, which Joseph II tried, but the effect was not very satisfactory, When the French ruled the Netherlands, judicial reforms were still implemented and the use of torture was abolished.

The methods used by the    Inquisition are historically appalling, even though the Pope says the Inquisition is not what it used to be.

During the witch hunt in the Manchu Qing Dynasty in 1768, the provincial governors interrogated the arrested prisoners. In some places, severe torture was used. As a result, in order to avoid more torture, the prisoners chose to make up charges and fabricated out of thin air such as "Zhang Siru". "The culprit", "Ming Hai" and so on, wasted a lot of police force and caused social panic.

The testimony obtained by torture will obstruct justice. "The Last Witch" Anna Galerdi was beaten and beheaded in the Inquisition. Her confession does not match the original documents kept in the courtroom, if no one exposes it , then a "witch" will not attract so much public attention, but it is precisely because some people handed over these contents to newspapers to expose, that it has caused heated discussions against the use of torture in the judiciary.

   England had abolished torture such as soaking chairs, but prison authorities soon found other means of torturing prisoners, one of which was the treadmill.

There is a gentleman named Cupid. When he visited the prison, he found that the prisoners were wandering in groups in the prison. He thought it was a waste of time and energy. After careful consideration, he invented an automatic control wind wheel. Leaf's equipment, it's like a waterwheel, but wide enough to accommodate 10-40 prisoners standing side by side, they can grab the rungs above their heads and go from one pedal to the other so that the wheels under their feet will turn.

   This is equivalent to climbing endless steps. The key is that the prisoners must step on the pedals in unison in order to make the wheels turn. If someone does not step on the pedals, or has a different rhythm than others, they will be caught in the wheel. Even the strongest person can't last 15 minutes. After the 15 minutes, the bell will ring, the second team of prisoners will take over from the first team, and after a 15-minute rest, the first team will resume. The team steps 15 times a day.

   Sometimes prisons use the power generated by the wheels as an industrial power source. Edward Andrews, 15, was sentenced to three months in prison for stealing 1.5 pounds of beef. In regular prison labor, with the prison's poor diet, he may have stayed until the day he was released. But a treadmill requires 10 times the force, a quarter of the force of a horse pulling a cart, and no one, including an adult, can do this job for days on end.

  Each prisoner was required to turn the crank 10,000 times a day. Edward did not finish it, so he had to starve. Days later he failed again, so he was given the same punishment, the third time he broke the dial, although he claimed it was not intentional.

So he was ordered to wear a "punishment jacket," a kind of madhouse corset with a high, stiff leather collar that was supposed to stop patients from biting, which made the boy unable to eat to a slice of bread that was put to his mouth. The boy began to whimper, and the guards tied him to the wall, made him stand for hours, and then released him when he was quiet. Andrews was subjected to a series of such punishments over the course of a month, and he was later hanged by the Night's Watch when he was found with a strap tied to a railing in his cell window.

   "The death penalty can be avoided, and the living crime cannot be escaped" is not a kind of mercy. After witnessing it all, White helps John Fielding bring street children into charity and away from crime.

Bentham, while using utilitarianism to reform the British judiciary, was also reforming prisons. He designed a "whole territory prison" surrounded by a ring building with a watchtower in the center and a circle of large windows on the watchtower. Facing the ring cell, there are shutters on it, so the guards can see the outside from the inside, but the prisoners can't see the inside from the outside.

Each prisoner has a cell, each cell runs through the cross-section of the building, with two windows, one facing the outside to let the sun in and the other facing the watchtower, then what needs to be done Arrange an overseer at the central watchtower.

These cells are like small stages, in which everyone is an actor, and the sun is their light; at the same time, they are also audiences, in their own cells, they can see the cells on the opposite side and see what kind of drama the other party is playing. .

In short, Bentham's prison overturned the basic principles of prison, closed, deprived of light and hidden, and sufficient exposure kept both the supervisor and the supervised under surveillance. This was also one of Bonaparte's measures to reform the Rhine princes' judicial reform. .

If you want to make those conservative princes and nobles obedient, you must not only give them meat to eat. After Austria and the Habsburg family lose their prestige, the electoral states such as Prussia and Bavaria may become the new leaders of Germany. If Bona If Ba wants to continue to be the protector of the Rhine region, then he is bound to have a conflict with Prussia. After all, only one pair of alfa is allowed in the wolf pack.

Georgiana promised William Pitt Jr. to implement the British policy, and she took a fancy to the "Bow Street Theater" model, which not only provided a place for mass entertainment, but also played a role as an example, only the police may feel uncomfortable , because they were exposed in the public eye.

   After winning the election of the President of the Wizarding Federation, Grindelwald tortured Muggle Jacob with the Cruciatus Curse in front of the world, which was somewhat different from his style in Paris.

   At least as a public figure he is disrespectful. Once he reaches a certain position, he must pay attention to his words and deeds, and he cannot be as free as when he was a student who was expelled by Drumstrong.

   "That child, who became a tainted witness because of what he saw?" Georgiana asked after White had finished the short story.

   "France also has intelligence agencies, why don't you ask them?" White said eloquently.

   "I can tell you a secret, and you can tell me yours." She said in a sweet voice, "I promise not to tell anyone."

   "You haven't told me what you call him."

  Georgianna waved at him, and when he leaned over, she whispered in his ear, "I call him Leon."

  White leaned back like an electric shock.

   "Leon seems to be French," White said dryly.

   "His mother doesn't speak French very well, now you can tell me your secret?"

  White hesitated for a moment, and whispered in her ear just as she did just now.

   "How did the boy die?" asked Georgiana.

   "Missed and fell into the water," White said.

   She sighed "How did he fall into the water?"

  White shook his head, "I went out to buy something, and when I came back he was gone."

   "Just you?" asked Georgiana.

   "Not everyone thinks that's a big problem." White said deadpan. "It's just a business."

   "I think some people don't think so." Georgiana stood up. "Nice to meet you, Mr. Shavit."

   "How long am I going to be here?" White asked.

   "Oh~ I thought you liked your life now." She said with a smile.

  White looked eager to get angry, but held back.

   "Keep in touch," she said perfunctorily, and left the room.

   After walking outside, the sun was a little harsh. She wanted to cover it with her hands, but she remembered that when she saw Stanley just now, he was wearing sunglasses.

  It was made in Venice. The locals couldn't stand the light reflected by the sun on the sea, so they made sunglasses out of tinted glass, but few people wore them.

  Georgianna wanted to ask him if he had any extra, although the sunlight blocked by the dark clouds was not so dazzling that he needed sunglasses.

   (end of this chapter)