Harry Potter’s Morning Light

   Chapter 2114 Flower War (twenty-two)

  In Japan, tea farmers should fast from greasy food before picking tea, so as not to destroy the aroma of the tea leaves from the unclean air they exhale, and they also wear gloves when picking tea to avoid touching the tea leaves directly with their fingers. However, these taboos have not been heard in China, because gloves themselves are a luxury.

  Japan produces tea like China, but it is mainly green tea, and the crafts are mostly tea powder and sencha. It is said that this is a craft passed down from the Tang Dynasty, and then formed after their localization. Europeans generally have no interest in green tea. Although Nick often drank green tea in salons before, the taste is completely different from what he drank in China.

  Guangzhou people drink tea regardless of the morning and evening, and they exile themselves to a small world where the fragrance of tea is strong.

  Tea was originally the main export product of Guangzhou Thirteen Lines. However, with the increasing export of Wuyi black tea, Xiamen began to replace Guangzhou as the main tea trade port. As far as Nick guessed, this may be because the water quality in Europe is mostly hard water, so making black tea is more suitable for European tastes.

  In "Dream of Red Mansions", it is recorded that a master of tea ceremony named Miaoyu would make tea with snow and rainwater picked from plum blossoms, which is unimaginable in Europe.

   There is also the Japanese tea ceremony, which is another place Nick found different from China. In front of the Japanese, you have to make a tut tut when you drink tea or soup. It is very impolite to make a noise while drinking tea and soup in China. It will not only make you look different, but the elders will point it out to correct it.

In the early morning of the second day after Cao Xi searched Nick's room and took his picture album away, the Admiral sent someone to invite Nick to the mansion to "drink tea". After breakfast, they will participate in the ceremony of worshiping Mazu after breakfast.

  King Arthur had knights of the round table, which meant that everyone around the table was equal.

   and the Admiral were sitting around a round table for dinner, but this was not the case. Wan Ning and the Admiral's second concubine stood beside them, holding two wooden sticks in their hands, serving the Admiral and Nick from time to time.

Nick had heard earlier that the Chinese would eat rice with those two sticks, one by one, and he thought it was incredible at the time. Later, when he ate with Shuangguan, he found out that it was not the case, and they would also eat it. Open your mouth and eat the rice in big gulps.

   But when he got to the Admiral's house, there were more "rules", and Nick had to imitate the Admiral's every move like Lin Daiyu.

   First of all, the admiral would not stand up to serve food, so his daughter was responsible for serving food, and his family's breakfast was very rich.

  Nick is not yet proficient with chopsticks, but they are thoughtful to prepare the knife, fork and plate. Compared to the dishes I ate in the restaurant last time, the dishes at the Admiral's house were much lighter. Fortunately, the Admiral's prospective son-in-law was not there, as if he had left early.

   The admiral's lieutenant told the admiral that if Nick really had sinister intentions, he could not hand over the note at all, so that they would be negligent and be caught off guard, so both the admiral and the lieutenant believed in Nick.

   Cao Xi and the other two officials had the opposite attitude, especially after Liu Zongbing died.

   Liu Zongbing's death can be an accident, which is also an important part of the nautical chart. Although the compass was first invented by China, the navigation channel needs to be accurate to the coordinates marked by latitude and longitude. Early Chinese navigators also navigated with charts, some drawn on paper and some on gourds, and the priests speculated that the charts on gourds and pumpkins were more accurate than flat charts.

   Zheng He was in the European Renaissance when he went to the West. Scholars at that time had not abandoned Ptolemy's theory and believed that the world was spherical rather than flat.

  If the graph drawn on the circle is the latitude and longitude of the globe, then the conjectures of the priests are acceptable. The world map at the time consisted of several "crescents" that would be stitched together to form a globe.

   However, in addition to the "Earth" theory, Ptolemy also had a geocentric theory, which led to a very complicated astrological map for a long time, and sailors needed to use the stars in the sky for positioning until the emergence of the heliocentric theory.

   With the decline of Spain and Portugal, the papal meridian is no longer practical, and the United Kingdom and France are measuring their own prime meridian. In the 17th century, there was a cartographer Cassirer, who was a supporter of Descartes' theory. At that time, there were two speculations in the scientific community. Isaac Newton believed that the earth was an oblate ellipse with short poles and a long equator, while Descartes believed that the earth was a long ellipse with long poles and a short equator. the opinion of.

   Until 1735, the first expedition came to the Spanish colony of Peru, and then the second expedition arrived in Lapland within the Arctic Circle. By comparing the measurement of 1 latitude circumference, it was concluded that the earth is oblate.

  While the prestige of the Collège de France took a hit, this debate over the shape of the earth proved that Cassini's measurements could be generalized anywhere in the world. The three generations of father, son, and grandson all engaged in map surveying work, spanning Louis XIV, Louis XV, Louis XVI, and the French Revolution. The initial work on the survey started from the prime meridian in Paris, using triangulation, however, 7 years after the survey work began, Cassirer II and his sons discovered the measured prime meridian and the Picard-measured meridian. The difference is 10 meters, which is a small number on the earth, but the accumulation will affect the entire measurement, so all the measurements were redone, and only two maps were completed when Cassini III visited Louis XV.

  While Louis XV and his mistresses had countless reasons to splurge, he and the Chancellor of the Exchequer no longer wanted to waste money on mapping France. The nobles were willing to continue to support, and they publicly supported the measurement through subscriptions, including Madame Pompidou. In the end, Cassini raised more funds than he actually needed.

In 1756, the first batch of maps was published, and the response was enthusiastic. The accuracy and detail of a series of maps produced by Cassini surpassed that of the Netherlands. In order to make cartography a science and an art, Cassini began to try. Dedicating public interest to the capital, he asked the French public to order maps and get 180 maps for only 562 livres, saving a total of 158 livres. It is a pity that the elites of Paris are not very interested in him, but the peasants and merchants of the provinces are more interested...

   "These maps have been taken over by the National Council as state property." Bonaparte suddenly said, "Cassini IV is still alive, but he has given up cartography, and now the cartographers and engineers are busy making cadastres."

   "Where's Berthier?" asked Georgiana.

   "I need someone to make military maps for me."

  Georgianna turned her eyes back to the book.

Printing maps requires engravings. Engravings have exquisite craftsmanship in France, but they are not used in geography. Therefore, Cassini had to train some engravers to make a batch of exquisite stencils, and let them print black and white with German black ink. The engraving once again presents a colorful world. To this end, they established a special cartographic language and developed various symbols and fonts to express the topography of the land.

  Nick was an engraver, and he also learned the use of the compass while sailing at sea. In addition, he had the protection of the admiral, and he could operate along the coast of China. He could indeed participate in the surveying and mapping work of the East India Company.

  When Emperor Kangxi surveyed and mapped Chinese maps, all foreigners were used. By Emperor Qianlong, all surveyors became Chinese, and the original foreign surveyors became assistants.

   It cannot be denied that the emperor, who was also from a foreign race, was very wary of "foreign barbarians", but the bureaucratic class was concerned about other directions. The Macartney embassy brought many gifts, including a magnifying glass, which was made of glass. When the bureaucrats heard that it was glass and not crystal, they lost interest in it, and they did not realize that it was necessary to make such a high How difficult is transparent glass.

They know how to focus with a magnifying glass, and even Heshen used a magnifying glass to light a dry smoke, but this move almost lit Heshen's sleeve. If it wasn't for Macartney's push, he might have actually lit it, but he doesn't seem to have it. Feeling the danger, he left without caring.

  The bureaucracy lacks the study and discussion of natural philosophy, and calls it "magic tricks".

   When making handicrafts, artisans believe that the best way is to work persistently, like polishing lacquerware over and over again, rather than using technology to overcome difficulties and improve production efficiency.

   The fact that lacquerware is being phased out, Europeans prefer porcelain, but Nick found that those craftsmen like to show their skill and patience through these utensils.

   This is the characteristic of Chinese people discovered by Nick. They are very patient. Because of their patience, they can use more tools than Europe to create such wonderful luxury goods.

The silk worn by the Admiral's family was provided by Suzhou, but their purses and handkerchiefs were made by themselves. For example, the handkerchief Wan Ning was holding had a bright peony embroidered on it. lifelike.

   There are also ivory chopsticks they take, which are also very beautifully carved.

   After they finished breakfast and drank what the admiral called Mingqian Longjing, they set off, and she and "auntie" also went with them.

   A busy day begins.

   (end of this chapter)