Harry Potter’s Morning Light

  Chapter 1756 Queen of Hell (27)

  People like to think of themselves as loving people, full of love, and often helping people in need.

  There is a country of hills in the Gospel of Matthew. It is an ideal world, a place full of the best in the world. The townspeople of Salem also hoped to build their hometown into a habitable paradise at the beginning. They also accepted the orphans in the War of King Philip, but that was conditional, and the authorities wanted to reduce their road construction costs.

  The city was first a defensive fort set up by the princes and later developed into an industrial and commercial center. By the 14th century, France and the United Kingdom diverged. France fell mainly on the peasants, and the United Kingdom collected commodity trade taxes and tariffs. The prevailing principle of feudal lords in Western Europe is "there is no land without a lord." If a city is not on the land of a lord, but on the land of a king, the king has jurisdiction over it as a lord.

  In order to eliminate the excessive squeeze of sovereignty and the interference of sovereignty on industry and commerce, some cities obtain certain freedom rights from lords and kings through redemption, and affirm them with concession certificates, including personal freedom, land freedom, judicial independence, and financial independence. Although these cities obtained privileges but did not break away from the feudal system, they still had to pay taxes to the feudal lord.

This money is not a tariff, but is similar to a "redemption fee", which means that the king and the lords don’t have to collect taxes after giving the money, and the general civil trials in the municipalities are no longer in charge. Major criminal cases are still handled by the king. . When the kingship was still very strong, for example, before the 13th century, Britain had no municipalities. After the 13th century, the number of municipalities gradually increased. In the 12th century, London was self-governing, but Paris was never self-governing.

  It is difficult for a person from a unified country to understand, how can the capital of a country be self-governing and get rid of the interference of the king?

  The problem of road construction can be seen. If anyone has a map of Massachusetts from 1692, they will find that every town and village are far apart. They rarely interact with each other, because each farm can basically be self-sufficient and does not require commodity exchange. Each town is almost a complete urban system, and even can train militias by itself. If the road is not repaired, it will save damage. Money interferes with the speed of the enemy's advance.

  How the French peasants complained when they were building roads, they were still willing to do it. The French were willing to contact outsiders and heard stories from them in the distance. Louis XVI stopped building roads but aroused public grievances.

When New England residents needed industrial products, they would buy them from Europe. The city of New York caught the political inclination of the British Parliament in exchange for the monopoly of flour screening and processing in the entire province, despite this practice. It hurts the interests of farmers on Long Island and the Hudson River, but while hitting Albany, it continues to consolidate its position. When the fur business is not doing well, it has become the "granary of the West Indies" and is developing towards diversification. Full of "grocery store" characteristics. Albany was the former Dutch-ruled Fort Orange. In the 1665 naval battle, the Dutch were not reconciled after losing their maritime hegemony. In the Anglo-Dutch War of 1673, they occupied New York again and renamed it Xinao Lange, the United Kingdom took back New York through the "Westminster Peace Treaty", Fort Orange also changed its name, Albany still engaged in the fur business, and a large number of dumping pirates grabbed and needed pirates in other places. Goods such as sugar, salt, vats of lemon juice, tobacco pipes, canvas, hats and so on.

  The British want to solve the Dutch activities in North America, they must first squeeze them out. However, the chances of another war between Britain and the Netherlands are unlikely, and New York has no interest in the Arcadia and Canadian expeditions launched by Massachusetts. Such expeditions are costly and have no military achievements, and New York residents are more comfortable with it. Commercial development accumulates wealth.

  Originally, the British pirates and navy were basically a "family". While New York provided supplies to the fleet in the Caribbean, it also allowed pirate ships to dock and accommodate pirates to hide. The governor of the colony, Benjamin Fletcher, also issued them a private plundering charter, allowing these pirates to more easily engage in plundering activities in the name of a privateer.

With the navigation technology of the time, many merchant ships are likely to never go back. Some people will wander on deserted islands due to shipwrecks, and some will encounter pirates. These pirates have transformed into merchants and looted Europe. The goods are sold.

  Regardless of whether this kind of business is legal or not, this is the style of New York under the governorship who has close ties with the Old World. Originally, Boston was the largest city in North America, thanks to its long history, excellent port, and intensive trade links with England and the Caribbean. Now the name of this "first city" is faintly replaced by New York, which came from behind. Those merchant ships enthusiastically sent supplies to the British fleet in the Caribbean. If Massachusetts were to expedition to Quebec again, those merchant ships would also send ships with the same enthusiasm. Came to Boston.

For Boston, the war promoted the development of the shipbuilding industry, but it also led to a serious tax overdraft. If the new sailboat designed by Nathaniel Cary can be installed in the Massachusetts Navy in the following war, it will be brought Comes very big advantage. However, the patents and drawings are in the hands of Charleston. Charleston is currently ranked fourth, behind Boston, Philadelphia, and New York, and before Newport, Rhode Island. Its shipbuilding industry is equally developed, and its Its geographical location also makes it vacillate between New York and Massachusetts.

Montreal and Albany, the two newly organized British colonies, have a very ambiguous attitude. They maintain neutrality between the Iroquois League and the "loose" British colonies. Stoughton's plan to unite New York to fight Montreal is also beating Albany not to maintain this. Attitudes, New Yorkers and Bostonians are the opposite. They will try to avoid being involved in the complicated situation brought about by military operations. Stoughton's lobbying plan failed. New York and Albany still maintain a strange friendship with a smile.

  Each small town looks like an isolated island. The intersection between the townspeople and the residents of neighboring towns is often land disputes, and there is very little contact between relatives. This can be regarded as part of the "American culture". The affection between relatives is indifferent, and they are keen to "observe the neighbor". There are always a few men and women who love to inquire about the privacy of others in each community. They are so dear to other people's affairs, and they will be highly vigilant in a little abnormal situation. If an outsider appears, "everyone" in the town will know soon.

  At this time, outsiders usually receive not warm greetings, but inquiries from law enforcement officers. Are you from a local origin, were raised by locals, or married with locals?

  If there are none, then the law enforcement officer will automatically treat you as having no legal status as a local resident. Even if you need help, the official will not provide it. Like Sarah Goode lives in Marshall Hecht’s house, no other townspeople are willing to take her in, and she belongs to the scope of charity assistance—with Widow of young child.

Other townspeople accept orphans and widows when they have no problems in their lives, especially women and children. They can serve as servants at home, like adult men with disabilities and young adults who are about to become adults. These townspeople will not Contained.

  First, they won’t stay here forever. The land around the town has been distributed. If they want to stay, they must give them land. Who wants to distribute land to outsiders for free?

Second, people with disabilities will not be converted into labor. Elizabeth Howe’s husband is blind, and her father-in-law is 96 years old. She is in charge of the farm. Which widow finds a disabled husband and gets up early and is greedy. Does the farm support him?

Homeless men sometimes form bandits to rob homes. Poor men are more likely to receive warnings and expulsion than charity and help. The townspeople generally exclude outsiders, even the adopted Benjamin Hutchinson. .

Every time the Ingersoll tavern is tried, business will be very good. If the Ingersoll family is accused, then when the marshal "empties" the tavern, other people can pay for it like the son of the old farmer’s wife Andover. Just like Hecht, he bought the inheritance.

Benjamin's mother used to call on New England women not to listen to sermons. She later died. All in all, these are "operable". After all, taking away such a prosperous tavern is not like taking away the apples from the old farmer’s apple orchard by the river. It's that simple, but there is a cider-drinking slave John Indian in the tavern. As long as there is internal response, no matter how strong the fortress is, it can be disintegrated from the inside.

Before the completion of railways and intercontinental highways, the inland areas were far less prosperous than the coastal areas, and the coastal areas were not as abundant as the coastal areas. However, the situation in Massachusetts and the entire eastern coast of North America is different. These areas have dense waters and rich river channels, which are very suitable for water transportation, as are many trading points. Is it necessary to build roads along the river?

The Mississippi River is the largest river in the United States and the largest river in traffic. In Indian legends, there is a **** version of Lake Iroquois, Eldorado. Massachusetts believes it is the source of the Delaware River. Many people have immigrated to it. New Haven was looking for it. The Delaware River is the second largest river in the United States and the second largest in traffic. It has to pass through multiple trading points, including those controlled by the Dutch and the Swedes, so that tariffs can be collected. Up.

  The Delaware River is still a certain distance away from Massachusetts, at least one Charleston apart, but it does not affect tax collection there.

  If Massachusetts took the tax away, what would New York, which is closer to the Delaware River, collect? If you want to take it again, the business environment will be bad, but the New Yorker will not be able to drive the Massachusetts away. This place is preempted by the Massachusetts.

In the past, the currency was only shillings and pennies. These were all precious metals. If you want to inflate, you have to ask Spain whether it will give the silver mining rights to England. In 1692, the South China Sea Company should have noticed something wrong. Spain did not. It is agreed that Britain will do business in South America.

  At this time, the "Royal Navy" is not an opponent of the "Invincible Fleet", nor can it force Spain to agree with it by force. The mainland is being turbulent by the South China Sea stocks, and there is no one in North America.

The North American colonies were unable to mint coins, but the Indians’ shell beads currency could be over-issued. Anyway, they can be fished from the sea. Fishery is also a “golden” business. Generally, deep-sea fishing boats will catch large shell beads. You can trade for more Indian furs, and use these furs to trade for more European goods. Munitions are sometimes just civilians with a different name. Hunting guns instead of shooting animals and aiming at people is not an ordnance.

As for the increasing number of shell beads in the hands of the Indians, fewer and fewer prey, even if the land was repaid to immigrants due to alcoholism, that was not what they had to consider. The chiefs in 1634 had agreed with the Dutch, thinking To adjust the exchange rate, it is necessary to enter the foreign exchange market and the futures market, provided that other countries recognize that shell beads are a currency.

  The banknotes have been recognized, the actual value of this thing may not be as good as the shell beads, as long as people believe that the shell beads are money.

If Elizabeth Proctor is not a silly woman who reads, her husband did not leave her name in the will, she is legally dead, and she should have been gallows, but she was pregnant because of her pregnancy. By the time the child was born, Massachusetts had stopped witch hunting.

But she is the actual guardian of his children, find a lawyer to save the inheritance rights of the children, and ask the local sheriff to recognize her as a local resident, and the husbands and relatives of non-local residents will be "exclusive warning". That is to say, when they need judicial assistance, the local authorities have no obligation to help them.

  Is a woman the opponent of big men, but doesn’t she have 12 children? Mary Warren is very beautiful, but not only can she not fight, she also got into trouble, almost ruined the host’s family, drove her away, took in Martha Corey’s half-sized son, and her husband’s relatives came to the kid. The task of killing them is no use if they won’t win or not. The local officials have no obligation to help non-locals. Simply put, the sheriff should not do anything and just eat donuts and watch. In this way, the 12 children are not burdens, but helpers who help each other in troubled times. Everyone does not need to fall apart and be sent to other people's families for foster care. They can also run a farm together and pay less labor costs.

Charity, public welfare and voluntary activities in American life are common. Second Salem is a charity organization. Men and women participate in the promotion of education and culture. They are still in New York, and the target is children. The newspaper published that witchcraft really existed, and people believed it. Will what happened in Salem be repeated in New York?

  Sometimes people don’t believe that magic exists but it’s a good thing.

  Charity and public welfare, if it is done by genuinely kind people, it is to accumulate virtue and hand it over to a woman like Mary of Second Salem, then it is a hidden danger. Mom determines the success or failure of the family. Elizabeth Proctor can, like Burroughs’ third wife, leave behind her stepchildren, bring her own children, sell off the priest’s property, and take his library away to live elsewhere. But she is not familiar with other places, so she can't really lead her children to death like a whale.

  The survivors who survived need to be stronger. Elizabeth can’t be like 20-year-old Mary Warren, who collapsed after only one day in prison, putting all the blame on John Proctor.

  Her husband is innocent, and she can even seek compensation through litigation like Philip Ingrihy.

  Although the Salem Witch Trials were all civil cases except for one criminal case, which did not meet the king’s trial standards, the benefits were not just money. Elizabeth could listen to Xiao Ann Putnam’s confession with the Nas family.

  There is one of the oldest principles in the history of human litigation. Most cases have already been decided before the trial.

  Appearing in court is more like a show. There is such an example of cross-examination at Harvard Law School.

  Lawyer: Madam, are you this gentleman’s wife?

  Witness: Yes.

  Lawyer: When you married him, did you know that he was a thief?

  Witness: Yes.

  Lawyer: Can you tell me why I married such a person?

  Witness: Yes, because I am already old and have to choose between a thief and a lawyer.

  Private feelings are inviolable, just as justice belongs to the bank, and compassion belongs to abandoning a wife. Justice belongs to Proctor's relatives, and mercy belongs to Elizabeth and her 12 children. If the residents of Salem really repent, they only need to help drive away those outsiders.

  As for the lawyers, they were not seen at the Salem trial, not only because the colonial government at that time did not have a lawyer’s license and no one was engaged in this industry, but also because of who would trust a lawyer.

This group of people originally took money to do things. The little girls are believed to be a few key improvisations. If they meet in the court, it is equivalent to an encounter. All the messengers and others get out of the way, leaving space for these gladiators. .

  　Delaware is an independent colony, administratively belonging to New York

  　　 Because of the tax issue, the Boston Tea Party also broke out. In essence, it was because the king made a clever name on tariffs in order to collect taxes.

  　　 The world without bankers is really clean

  (End of this chapter)