Harry Potter’s Morning Light

  Chapter 1622 Frog&fog (10)

   "Ms. Sèvres!"

  Before Georgiana got on the carriage, a postman stopped her and delivered a letter to her.

Georgian took it, but did not look anxiously. Mrs. Segu and Mr. Martin got into the car from the other side. Figer and the coachman were sitting in the front row. Alice, Belle, and Matilda’s carriage followed. With the addition of Laplace's daughter, Sharptal's wife and other characters, her group actually has 10 carriages. If you also add those Mamluk cavalry, it is already a big team.

  They don’t have to go to inspect the soldiers with Napoleon, but they have to go to the dock. When the car door closes, Mr. Martin continues to tell her the basic situation.

Monroe mentioned imported whiskey for multiple reasons. After the War of Independence, the United States was eager to pay off the debts owed by the war. Hamilton imposed a consumption tax on whiskey, which made farmers, especially Irish and Scots in western Pennsylvania, very dissatisfied. These people not only used whiskey Used as a drink and as currency, mainly because there is not enough currency in the market. It is a bit similar to using silk, spices, salt and other commodities as currency in the Middle Ages.

  At the same time, winemaking is also a method of food preservation. Farmers make wine with excess grains, pack them in small barrels, and use horses or boats to go down the Mississippi River and transport them to the eastern market.

  In the past, when the United States was still a British colony, there was an attempt to issue a stamp duty. So is the stamp duty used for trade management or into the British treasury?

According to the British Constitution, one cannot legally tax a British person without the consent of his representative in Parliament. However, a pamphlet circulated in England states that there are many places in the United Kingdom, such as Sheffield and Manchester. Representatives are still taxed, and Boston also has representatives in Congress, so Americans have nothing to complain about.

  When bundles of tax stamps appear at the dock, Americans know that if they do not take action, the stamp duty will not escape. According to the "Stamp Tax Law", the law cannot be enforced without tax receipts, so these tax receipts were secretly destroyed after they landed.

  This is a temporary solution, not a permanent cure. Even if the tax stamp is destroyed, someone will still be responsible. The use of force will intensify the conflict. The final solution to the stamp duty still needs to be negotiated.

  "Identity" and "social status" are two words in French. A person's identity is a businessman, but his social status is not necessarily high.

  The colonial people have no right to vote. It is completely possible to send representatives to Congress, but this means that Congress is reasonable and legal to collect taxes from the colonies, which runs counter to the colony’s purpose of refusing to pay taxes.

In the end, the people’s debate in the North American colonies won and the stamp duty was abolished. But when the people cheered for it, the King signed the Declaration Act on the same day that the Abolition Act was signed. It stated that “the king had and now has it,” And according to power and authority, laws and decrees were made to govern the American colonies and their people under any circumstances.” That is to say, the legislative power of the North American colonial parliament was taken away, but at that time everyone was busy celebrating and nobody cared.

In 1767, Congress passed the "Townsend Act." Townsend himself felt that the distinction between "internal taxes" and "external taxes" was meaningless, but the colonists insisted on doing so and "beaten" them by levying "external taxes." Give them a bit.

  In the Americas at that time, taxes were levied on all kinds of glass, lead, paper, and tea. In order to effectively collect these taxes and other taxes, tax collectors were sent to Boston.

This kind of tax collector is as hateful as the tax collector who collects stamp taxes. The difference is that the stamp tax collectors will avoid pressure and resistance. These tax collectors brought the army. In this case, the people of the colony had no choice but to agree with Townsend’s distinction between “internal tax”. "And "external taxes" are meaningless, and customs duties that people did not know before have been paid exactly.

  William Pitt Jr. opposed this, because the taxation did not obtain the consent of the colonial people, and Congress had no power to “pay money out of their pockets”.

  Except for legislators, it is difficult for others to judge which taxes are to increase revenue and those are to manage trade. The nature of the law must be inferred from the intention of the legislator, and the intention of the legislator must be inferred from the nature of the law. This kind of circle of logicians does not need to be discussed in detail. In short, the American people have a firm belief that they have The same power as all countries can make judgments when their power is violated. External taxes are tariffs and import taxes, and internal taxes are consumption taxes. If Britain can dissolve the colonial parliament and completely destroy the colonial self-government at this time, then the crux of all problems will be solved.

  But the colonial assemblies in the Americas did not work together. At least the Governor of New York supported the British troops stationed in New York in accordance with the Garrison Act and did not allow the Massachusetts State Assembly to call on everyone to "defend freedom."

After a few years of procrastination, in 1773, the Boston Tea Incident broke out. This time it was to oppose the tea tax law and "I can buy smuggled bargains. Why should I be forced to buy more expensive tea after tax payment?" .

More importantly, the Tea Tax Law gave the East India Company the right to export duty-free. The smugglers still used the old method of opposing the stamp duty in 1765, disguised and boarded the ship, and poured the tea directly into the sea. The last time they poured it was Tax stamps, and planted and blamed the Indians, they were dressed up as Indians at that time.

The whiskey tax reminds farmers in Pennsylvania of the evil "stamp duty", as well as "internal taxes" and "external taxes." Each state has its own constitution. It is reasonable to impose tariffs between countries. However, the promulgation of the whiskey tax was at the end of the War of Independence. Later, the 13 North American states became one country, and it was unreasonable to continue to impose tariffs. Explaining that the consumption tax reminds the public of the exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes under British rule, but the whiskey tax has become the second largest source of taxes in the United States. Hamilton is impossible to give up. If this tariff is abolished, the debts for the War of Independence and the conquest of the Indians will be protected For military spending, he will raise tariffs, which may cause more smuggling and tax evasion.

When the federal tax collectors went to collect taxes, they were in a situation where everyone shouted. The tax collectors were feathered and painted with tar. Before the whiskey riots, Hamilton tried to reduce the tax rate to appease the rebels, but the effect was very small. In the end, riots were triggered. George was needed. · Washington personally went into battle to suppress.

  After Jefferson took office as president, the whiskey tax was abolished in 1801. Of course, this was popular. He supported small farmers, but the second largest tax source was gone. Monroe’s idea is to import whiskey and increase tariff income through imported whiskey. As for imported whiskey, it has occupied the eastern market. What should be done if farmers in the west can’t sell whiskey is out of his scope. Anyway, the federal government can’t get tax from it. Residents said, "There are so many people, we must boycott the consumption tax to the end at all costs."

  He can also benefit from the whiskey trade. France will not be so unlucky that it owes its harvest every year. The excess grain can be used for winemaking. Similarly, Scotland and England are very unhappy because of Prohibition.

Almost everyone knows that Napoleon wanted to split the United Kingdom. At the same time, some people in England hope to continue to have zero tariffs or cooperate with France in a low tariff way. Lowering tariffs can increase trade volume and reduce smuggling and tax evasion. It is everyone. A situation that everyone would like to see.

  The exorbitant taxes collected by King George made British civilians very dissatisfied, especially the income tax for supporting the Anti-French Alliance War. Everyone had long wanted to stop paying.

  This situation is a bit unexpected. After all, everyone thought that Napoleon was a wrong move to let British steel and grain import duty-free.

  The UK can establish a city surveying association, and France can also establish it. It depends on who has more members. As long as the peace is maintained, British warships will not carry forward the pirate style to looting passing merchant ships.

   Just when Georgiana was dizzy by the explosion of information and the swaying carriage, they came to the Rouen pier. As soon as their carriage appeared, music sounded on the pier.

  Through the glass window of the carriage, she saw a big ship docked on the shore, it was very beautifully repaired, with gilt sculptures on the bow, but it was not a mermaid, but a woman surrounded by vines.

   "That is the cruise ship that the Führer gave you, the Pomona." Mr. Martin said with a smile.

  Georgiana looked at the sailboat, the sidestring of the ship was painted with the letters of pomone with black paint, which happened to be the French spelling of pomona.

   Fortunately, she is used to seeing super cruise ships of the 21st century, otherwise she might be stunned by this scene.

  The cruise ship is not big. The cruise ship is different from the cargo ship and needs speed. After all, it is used for postal services, although it looks very luxurious.

  At this time, she remembered that Mr. Jenner said "really generous".

  He gave gifts like this, where is the budget-conscious person?

  (End of this chapter)