Harry Potter’s Morning Light

  Chapter 1154 The Story of Paris (7)

  If there was a war one day, where would you flee?

  For the residents of Neuilly during the Franco-Prussian War, Paris is their last choice.

  After taking over Paris from the Paris Commune, bread and flour were strictly controlled. Everyone was distributed on the basis of bread rolls, and refugees would be given refugee rolls to solve the problem of accommodation and food in Paris.

  These refugees were to avoid Prussian shells, but after hiding in Paris, they were bombarded by their own people.

  After the Paris Commune movement, many old photos were left. Many once beautiful buildings were turned into ruins. However, this was not all caused by robbery and arson.

  Most of the destroyed buildings were caused by the "Versailles" shells outside the city.

  Many tourists, even French people, will confuse the difference between Paris and Paris.

Paris used to have an ancient city wall. The earliest builder of this city wall was Philip II. Since him, almost every new French king has ordered the height of the city wall of Paris when he came to the throne. The situation is not because the wall built by Philip II is not high enough.

  In the Middle Ages with poor hygiene, many residents dumped their feces directly on the streets.

Later, after the city wall was repaired, the residents had a "civil awareness", because the smell of the feces would affect the cleanliness of the city, the citizens began to run to the city wall in droves, standing on the wall and dumping the feces on the city. outer.

  With the accumulation of time by the residents of Paris, the dung outside the city has piled up into mountains, the moat outside the city wall is also full of dung, the fish and shrimp in the river have long since died, and the river water has also begun to become sticky. The city wall that originally protected the residents of Paris from foreign enemies lost its original function under the accumulation of dung. Later, in a war against foreign invasions, the residents of the city unexpectedly discovered that those enemies could stand directly on the "dung mountain". Climb up the city wall.

  If you want to completely clean up the excrement outside the city, you may have to use all the strong labor in the city. The king's soldiers alone cannot completely clean up the excrement outside the city wall.

  It was not until the early nineteenth century that the dung mountain outside the city walls was cleaned up. It is said that more than 10,000 strong laborers were used at that time.

For this reason, each king kept raising the walls, but these walls were not all stone. In the reign of Charles IX of the Valois dynasty and his mother Catherine de Medici, Cardinal Richelieu A section of the earthen city wall was repaired, and the city gate was reinforced.

In the time of Louis XIV, Louis XIV, who liked to conquer the South and the North, expanded the territory of France. Paris was no longer a border city. Successive victories in the foreign wars inflated Louis XIV’s confidence, and the fortifications on the border were also inflated. Enough to defend Paris, so he ordered the clay walls of Charles V and Louis XIII to be demolished. The stone walls built by Philip were too difficult to demolish, and it took ten years to complete intermittently. Paris became a city without walls. A completely open city.

  Louis XIV built a lot of roads, and expanded a circle on the basis of the old medieval city wall, built new trails to replace the original soldiers' patrol passages, and linked the ring road with these roads.

  This circle of walks is the predecessor of the Paris Ring Road, and this ring road has also become the boundary between the urban area and the suburbs of Paris.

  In order to demonstrate the power of the "Sun King", Louis XIV ordered the architect to design several city gates for New Paris.

  Only four of these gates have been preserved to this day. Unlike the main fortification gates in the Middle Ages, the new gates are designed to show grandeur and grandeur. The triumphal arch in ancient Rome is the one that best meets the needs of Louis XIV.

  Since then, the students trained by the Royal Academy of Architecture have had one more course. Architects at the time believed that in an era when there were not too many wars and no need to use the city gate as a fortification, the city gate was more of a boundary between the city and the rural area.

  The architects believe that although ordinary city gates are made of stone, they should be different from the Arc de Triomphe. It is necessary to reduce the gorgeous decoration and increase the solemn atmosphere.

  The gates left by Louis XIV did not serve as a city defense at all, and were more like monuments.

  The new city gate should have the functions of tax card and residence. At the same time, as the new gate of Paris, it should have the momentum of the Acropolis Hill.

  In 1784, during the reign of Louis XVI, in order to solve the financial losses caused by serious smuggling inside and outside Paris, the tax package group decided to rebuild a city wall around Paris and set up a number of tax cards on it to control taxes.

  This city wall is outside Louis XIV’s ring road, which is 2.5 times the size of Louis XIII’s city wall. For this purpose, 62 new “city gates” will be built. These gates all adopt the Greek temple-style gables, colonnades and rectangular planes, but they have been simplified to distinguish them from the triumphal arch.

   Taxes must be paid when crossing the city. The appearance of the tax customs has led to the increase of prices in the city. The people in the city have long been dying, but the government has spent huge sums of money to build "ordinary city gates."

  These city gates are neither simple cabins like the previous tax cards, nor have anything to do with the familiar Arc de Triomphe. What is the point of spending so much money to build a tax collection agency that can solve the problem with cabins?

  In addition, the construction cost of the city gate has greatly exceeded the previously given budget, and it has also intensified the outbreak of the French Revolution.

Burning down the city gate of Paris became the first fire ignited by the Revolution. After the citizens of Paris removed those "ordinary city gates", the 22-meter-long 3.5-meter-high city wall built by the tax packager group at that time, and the patrol channel outside the city wall And forest belts have been preserved, still continuing the role of distinguishing cities and suburbs in the early 19th century.

  When the Prussians besieged the city, it was this wall built by Louis XVI to collect taxes.

  In the last few years of the reign of Louis XVI, the state of the urban environment in Paris has been quite bad, with the city and the suburbs mixed together.

  The famous Champs Elysées is the central axis linking the Louvre and the New Arc de Triomphe. It is also known as the Arc de Triomphe. In the 17th century, this beautiful and famous avenue in the world used to be marshes and wilderness.

  In 1805, Napoleon defeated the Russian and Austrian coalition forces and built this door to commemorate this event.

  It was built in the form of a separate monument, not only has Napoleon’s life and deeds, but also has the tomb of the unknown soldier below.

   During the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty, construction was temporarily suspended. After the Bourbon dynasty was overthrown, construction continued. However, after repairing this magnificent gate, the already bad traffic in Paris became even worse.

  However, no one in Paris imagined that they had demolished those "tax cards" and demolished the Arc de Triomphe. Every major holiday, the people of Paris would also have a soldier in Napoleon-era military uniform holding a saber to boost morale in front of the Arc de Triomphe.

  Every National Day, the French Prime Minister will pass under the Arc de Triomphe, and on the day of his retirement, he will present a bouquet of flowers to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

  It is said that on Napoleon’s birthday on May 5, the setting sun will always be exactly in the middle of the circular arch.

  During the Franco-Prussian War, the Prussian army paraded under the Arc de Triomphe. Hitler also passed through the Arc de Triomphe and paraded under the Arc de Triomphe.

  The monarch theory once said that a king must remember the military establishment and training, indulging in ease and forgetting this profession will lead to the resignation of the monarch, which is also the main reason for the subjugation of the country.

  The army will not only protect the monarch who succeeds to the throne, but also become a shortcut for civilians to climb the throne.

  The theory of the monarchy is based on the Grand Duke of Milan, Francesco Forza. In France more than two hundred years later, there was a small Corsican who borrowed the "shortcut" abandoned by the French aristocracy and became the emperor of France.

The common people felt that he could find the qualities and abilities that other common people had in him, but Napoleon was not a real commoner, he was a little nobleman, and had fallen into Napoleon’s generation. Fortunately, his father was hardworking and made Napoleon have it. Opportunity to read.

  But what he learns has nothing to do with Paris, where singing and dancing are uplifting. It is a "peaceful" world, and it takes musicians, writers, and tall handsome men and women to make their heads.

  The consequences of not rectifying the military. Reasonable people know that Ludovico Sforza, a descendant of Francesco who was born as a mercenary, is not as intoxicated as Machiavelli’s art, and does not rectify the army.

  There is no loyalty to mercenaries. If a monarch wins a battle by mercenaries, he will be threatened by the mercenaries, and he will even lose his territory like the Grand Duke of Milan.

  It’s not so easy to control this group of hyenas. In contrast, local soldiers are much more loyal.

  During the French Revolution, when the citizens of Paris rioted, the military’s performance was always fascinating. The imperial forest army has turned, but the other regular troops stationed in Paris are not necessarily. They just basically didn't move, and they didn't have any sense of existence as if they had evaporated, allowing the angry civilians to kill the nobles alive.

When   Nika rioted, the army faced several times its own civilians and suppressed the riot at the racing track. The riots were also put down. At that time, there were no cannons.

   "What are you looking at!" Severus said suddenly.

   "Oh, you scared me!" She beat his arm softly.

  "Are you still looking at the Paris Commune?" Severus looked at the newspaper she had placed on the table in the reading room of the library.

   "I think they are very interesting." Pomona stroked the yellowish newspapers and said, "They are very real. They are still taking in refugees and providing shelters for women and children despite their tight resources."

   "Where is the man?" Severus asked, "Where did the man go?"

  Pomona could not answer.

  "Do you know why the Prussians only besieged the city and don't enter the city?" He handed her a cup of iced coffee.

  "What is your opinion?" Pomona took out the banana bread from her pocket.

  This is her breakfast. She has no appetite because of a hangover. Now she feels better and is hungry because of hunger.

  "Stalingrad was almost in ruins after the fight, and street fighting is bound to be indispensable for urban warfare. Letting the French fight on their own will not only divide them, but also avoid damage to their own forces."

  Pomona has never been to the suburbs of Paris, she just knows that it is messy from historical materials.

  In the context of English-speaking countries, suburbs refer to independent or semi-detached residences with lawns, similar to the small Huijin area where Harry used to live.

  But the "banlieue" in France should be different from the "suburban" in the UK.

The word    comes from "prohibition". In the Middle Ages, newcomers to a city would see a notice at the gate of the city, telling them how to live in a civilized city.

  The ban represents the boundaries of urban civilization, not the suburbs of the city, surrounded by green spaces and gardens, but the same single-family houses.

   "I'm sorry." Pomona said, "Yesterday's dinner..."

   "It's nothing." Severus interrupted her. "I can understand that you were in a state of readiness at the time, not to mention the feeling of dancing afterwards."

  "Prometheus stole fire from Olympus, but I stole food from the gods." She said with a smirk.

   "Do you think this will save you from the bad party set up last night?" Severus said coldly.

   "We are at Hugo's house."

  Severus didn't bother to pay attention to her, and continued to read the borrowed book.

   "How about we go to Notre Dame in the afternoon?"

   "Too many tourists, not interested." He flatly refused.

   "Then, go to the hidden places in France?" Pomona said, "I haven't been to the wizarding world of France yet."

   "It's up to you." He didn't have much interest to say.

  Pomona shrugged and continued to read the previous newspaper clippings.

  (End of this chapter)