Dominate the Country

ps: This chapter is so confusing.

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How to improve China's new education system, Chen Ming and the Ministry of Culture and Education have racked their brains. In the past few years, they have promoted new education step by step. Although the progress is not fast, the foundation is very solid. They have made every effort to standardize the entire new education system in China, and gradually accepted the old private schools. Because what needs to be changed is the tradition of a great country for thousands of years, this cannot be accomplished overnight.

The imperial examination system has not been abolished in China, only the eight-part essay, the original examination model and content, have been abolished. This makes many people feel a little better.

China is still the country of heaven and the court, there is no reason to completely abandon some of its own "traditions".

From the purpose of new education, it emphasizes the cultivation of talents who have a practical effect on the national economy and people's livelihood, not just empty talk; the objects of cultivation are also ordinary citizens with knowledge and ability, remember these two words - ordinary. Instead of training officials, not scholars.

In the past of China, the word "scholar" has unconsciously ceased to mean a pure "cultured person", but more meant to be an official. Especially after the Song Dynasty, studying was for the purpose of becoming an official. Song Zhenzong's article on persuading learning fully expressed the true meaning. The purpose and objectives of these two types of education are completely different.

This is the biggest change in the purpose of education in China for thousands of years. If it is put in the history books of later generations, it will definitely be described as "of great historical significance". Because the new-style education is education for all people, although Chen Han could not achieve true education for all people in a short period of time, and even "compulsory education" could not be achieved for a long time in the future, such a purpose is fundamentally different from the traditional study and officialdom.

The original officials and the court promoted and advocated education, but they never thought of "education for all people". Because in this way, what else can scholars be proud of? Everyone is a scholar, and mud-legged warriors are all scholars, and they don't have such ambitions. The highest goal of new-style education is to popularize education in an all-round way.

There is no place for traditional private schools in the new education system, because traditional private schools are too focused on classics and history, and they regard the subjects required to be taught in the new education as strange and obscene techniques, which are completely incompatible. The division of schools at all levels and types in the new education system is also more strict. Teaching subjects include self-cultivation, reading and lecturing on classics, Chinese literature, foreign languages, Chinese and foreign history, Chinese and foreign geography, mathematics, natural history, physics and chemistry, law and financial management, drawing, gymnastics and other subjects.

Although self-cultivation, reading and lecturing on classics, literature and history are still included in the educational content, and they still account for more than a quarter, after all, the pattern of traditional classics and history dominating the world has been broken, and a large number of modern new studies have been integrated. In terms of overall teaching content, self-cultivation and reading and lecturing on classics no longer have an absolute advantage. In terms of teaching methods, a unified class teaching method has begun to be implemented, with special emphasis on the practicality of subject knowledge. For example, it is stipulated that the teaching method of various types of specialized industrial schools at all levels should focus on practice rather than theory, and start from the simple and go to the profound. The materials used by the professors should be local, collected at any time, and invented when something happens. The goal is to train a group of qualified people who can be used by society in the shortest possible time.

Under the guidance of Chen Ming, a "great talent" with a forward-looking vision for more than 200 years, although the new education in China has only appeared for a short time, it has formed a relatively complete education system. First, from primary schools to specialized colleges and universities, a relatively systematic general education system has been formed; second, a teacher education system at all levels has been formed, which is equivalent to primary schools, secondary schools and specialized universities; third, an industrial school education system at all levels has been formed, mainly in the three major categories of agriculture, industry and commerce, and a variety of national colleges such as military, politics, medicine, law, and engineering. Compared with the imperial examination era, the development trend of this new education is epoch-making. Although it is still short and the number of specialized colleges is very small, it has made China's education as a whole take a big step towards modernization.

Of course, this era is also a society of rapid changes with a mixture of the old and the new. In this respect, there is not even any essential difference from the late Qing Dynasty society in history. The original imperial examination model has been abolished. As far as the current imperial examination system is concerned, Chen Han's "imperial examination" is becoming more and more like a civil service examination in the guise of an imperial examination. Such a period of change will undoubtedly lead to many new era problems, and some things cannot be considered thoroughly and comprehensively under the current social situation. Therefore, it is not only the old-style education that has given in and compromised, but also the new-style education. It is just a matter of weighing the two evils and choosing the lesser of the two evils.

The Ministry of Culture and Education conducted a census two years ago, taking a random sample of 1,000 households in the Jiangnan region, where the average wealth is the richest in China. Among them are wealthy families, small landlords who have no worries about food and drink, ordinary farmers, and hard-working small traders.

Only a small number of these families expressed their willingness to let their children go to school, and this proportion is only a little more than 10%.

There are three reasons for not agreeing with the new education: first, they are prejudiced against the new learning, and many people still prefer the Four Books and Five Classics; second, the cost of the school is not low, and the higher the school, the higher the cost, many families can't afford it; third, it is difficult to hire teachers. Due to the limited number of graduates from normal schools, it is difficult for local county public schools to hire qualified teachers, most of whom are old-fashioned teachers, which affects the teaching and development of the school. Fourth, they are hesitant about their children's academic future, and suddenly feel that the future of scholars has become vague and they can't see the direction.

This is still the Jiangnan region with a relatively high economic level. In the underdeveloped areas such as Jiangxi, northern Anhui, and northern Jiangsu, the development of new-style education is even slower. Regardless of how many historical limitations there are in politics, ideology, economy, and cultural education, it must be pointed out that after the sudden abolition of the imperial examination system, Chen Han has not been able to completely eliminate the legacy of the "Four Books and Five Classics".

There is no private school in China now. Many old private schools are either changing their appearance or are gradually going down. Now that the government allows private capital to enter the education system, it is also an opportunity for these old private schools to change their appearance. It depends on whether they can seize it.

Liu Wen has received a lot of school application forms, and even a college-level application form. This is the highest level set by the Ministry of Culture and Education for private schools. After all, there are not many schools in China that are labeled as "universities".

This is the Yangcheng Business School to be hosted by the Guangzhou Business Group. The person in charge of the Guangzhou Chamber of Commerce's school-running affairs is an old friend of Liu Wen, a member of the Yan family, and the application handler for several private newspapers and periodicals in Guangdong Province. From the information submitted by Mr. Yan, it can be seen that there were already several accounting, sales, business and foreign language schools in Guangzhou before this. Although these schools are nominally training courses run by business companies, they are no different from private schools, and the sponsors who pay for them are all Guangzhou Chamber of Commerce. Now they want to integrate all the teaching staff and upgrade to Yangcheng Business School. The Guangdong Provincial Government strongly supports this matter!

"Free education, scholarships, and employment in foreign companies under the Guangzhou Chamber of Commerce after graduation for a period of not less than five years."

Chen Ming saw Liu Wen's report on the 22nd day of the twelfth lunar month, and the name of Yangcheng Business School also fell into his eyes for the first time. Isn't this a "training student"? Because of the existence of the agreement, students lose their freedom to a certain extent within a certain period of time after graduation. But this also gives countless poor students the opportunity to study, and the opportunity to change their own destiny and the destiny of their families.

- Five years!

This is a long time, but compared with the whole life, it is not so irreplaceable.

"This is a good idea. National institutions of higher learning can also be introduced. Communicate more with companies, business groups and business groups in various places, and the Ministry of Culture and Education should also come up with an appropriate plan." Chen Ming was very satisfied and said to Liu Wen.

As mentioned in the preface, nowadays, running schools in China, especially running institutions of higher learning, lacks not only funds, but also corresponding teachers.

The reason why the Guangzhou Business Group can afford to run a business school is that they took the lead. Their place has been a trading port for more than a hundred years, and there are many Chinese who are proficient in foreign languages. Even if the government and other places have taken away some of them, Guangzhou's heritage cannot be ignored. In addition, among them, there is Pan Zhencheng who cheers them up again and again, and constantly instills Chen Han's economic ideas for governing the country into the Guangzhou business community after the Great Purge. This gave birth to the first step taken by the Guangzhou Business Group!

With the opening of China's foreign trade, Guangzhou merchants, who saw the Portuguese driven out of Macau grow from homeless stray dogs to respectable translators, were sensitive to the lack of foreign trade talents. The extremely nervous translators everywhere were the most obvious example.

So the Guangzhou Merchants' Association used its own convenient conditions to recruit some "professional" personnel early, first to run foreign language classes, and then found that accounting, sales, management and other aspects of talent were in short supply, so the foreign language classes were gradually expanded to accounting classes, talent training classes, training classes, etc. During this period, they also introduced a lot of Western books from Europe through their old relationships. In short, although the Guangzhou Merchants' Association encountered many difficulties in the process of running schools, the experience and teaching staff they accumulated step by step from scratch have become the most valuable wealth now.

In the case that there were no two colleges at the college level in a province, the Guangzhou Merchants' Association suddenly wanted to establish a higher private institution, aiming directly at the "college", which shocked the Guangdong Bureau of Culture and Education. After verifying the situation, the provincial bureau of culture and education was as happy as if they had stolen a magic pill.

Chen Mingting is in favor of private capital entering the education industry. This kind of private industrial school is no longer aimed at obtaining a title like a traditional academy, but is aimed at cultivating various professional talents for business. During this period, the business group, as an investor, can set the school's subject arrangement according to its own professional needs, which is also a way to reserve talents for itself. Especially after the emergence of "training students".

Of course, since it is a private school invested by the business group, it is understandable that it will have a profit-making color.

However, the first batch of students enrolled in the newly established business school should be mostly children of the business group, and the income from tuition fees should be very few. After all, fame takes time and examples to build. And the three words "business school" are shocking even for Guangzhou, a city with a strong commercial nature.

The business school's initial funding source is all its shareholders. As for when it can be truly economically independent, it depends on China's development. In addition to traditional Chinese studies, literature and history subjects, Yangcheng Business School also has many professional subjects. In the report of Yangcheng Business School, professional subjects such as accounting, shorthand, measurement, management, etc., far exceed literature and history courses in terms of class hours and attention.

This determines the great pressure that this "school" must bear after its establishment.

…

In the State Guesthouse, Tanuma Okiji was looking at a financial daily from Shanghai, with a hint of anger on his face. It was not because of anything else, but because this Shanghai financial daily used a satirical style to criticize Japan's gold-silver ratio.

Although Tanuma Okiji had long noticed the problem of Japan's gold-silver ratio, he was also very clear that Tang Feipeng had been exchanging gold in Japan with the goods he brought in from China.

After experiencing the high gold-silver ratio of 1:15 in the early Edo period, along with Japan's more than 100 years of isolation, Japan's gold-silver ratio gradually fell to the official price of 1:5. Among them, the casting and circulation of the Keicho gold and silver coin system and the Kan'ei Tsūho laid a solid foundation for Japan's gold-silver ratio.

In the history of the original time and space, Japan, which was beaten by the United States and had its tariff rights broken, was manipulated by foreigners. Industrial products from capitalist countries were dumped in large quantities in Japan, while Japan's agricultural products and other raw materials flowed abroad. Baptism after the opening of the port From 1860 to 1867, Japan's foreign trade exports increased by 2.5 times, while imports increased by 13 times. Japan's own industrial development was seriously hindered, and it became a dumping market for goods and a supplier of raw materials for Western powers. The influx of a large number of high-quality and low-priced Western goods dealt a heavy blow to Japan's domestic industry. Since the treaty recognized the free circulation of foreign silver in Japan, Western merchants and embassy personnel took advantage of the fact that the Japanese gold-silver exchange rate was far lower than the international exchange rate, and used Mexican silver dollars to buy Japanese gold and reap huge profits. In order to restrict foreign sailors from exchanging Japanese silver coins for gold, the shogunate stipulated the number of exchanges per person per day. So the sailors issued a fake list and fabricated names at will in order to exchange more. In this way, only half a year after the opening of the port trade, Japan's gold outflowed by one million taels.

This financial daily in Shanghai is completely talking without any pain, satirizing Japan's "conservativeness" in a mocking and contemptuous tone. But they don't know that this gold-silver exchange rate, together with the Kan'ei Tsūho, is one of the important foundations for maintaining the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate. It is not something that can be changed just because you want to.

Establishing a unified currency system is one of the greatest manifestations of centralization. During the entire Tokugawa Shogunate period, important mines in various parts of Japan were basically controlled by the Shogunate, and controlling mines became one of the important contents of the Tokugawa Shogunate's currency control policy.

Tanuma Okitsugu was furious at this newspaper, but he was also more worried about the gold-silver exchange rate in Japan.

"If the general could increase the price of gold by three times with a single order..." That would be great.

Unfortunately, such an idea is just Tanuma Okitsugu's unnecessary delusion. Although the Tokugawa Shogunate's rule in Japan is now solid, he has no way to order the price of gold to be increased by three times.

Now the Tokugawa Shogunate's royal merchants come to China to buy goods, and the unit value of gold they use is three times the price of the same weight in their country. It's the same money, and you can spend three times as much in China; in Japan, you can only watch it shrink.

"If there is another war between China and Japan..." The defeated Tokugawa shogunate's dominance in terms of goods comparison would be very unsatisfactory.