Black technology starts from the steel suit

Chapter 234 Chapter 234
Just when the discussion about whether decay energy belongs to nuclear energy or conventional energy is intensifying, an event that is enough to change the world's energy structure has occurred in a place that no one knows.

To be precise, it is something that can change the energy storage device market, but unfortunately, due to the sensitivity of the experiment, it is impossible for outsiders to know about this experiment, and even few of them know about it.

12 month 15 day,
When the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Science and Technology were negotiating with the United States, Germany, France, Britain, Japan and other countries on the issue of the export of spent fuel processing devices, or when they were bargaining, an experiment on decay energy storage began.

The first thing to appear is a huge device located under the mountain. This device is no smaller than the spent fuel processing device, and it is even much larger.

From the outside, it is probably impossible to tell what it is used for. When I first saw it, I might think that this is a second-generation device for spent fuel treatment.

But sadly, it's not.

With all the inspections in place, Wang Feng asked people to put the zirconium 90 that had been prepared into the device. After repeated inspections to confirm that it was correct, Wang Feng gave the order to start the experiment.

The first thing to light up is the signal light on the device, and the rows of red signal lights turn green one by one, indicating that the charging power is gradually reaching full capacity.

Yes, that's right, if you don't speak so harshly, this can be considered a huge charger, but the price of this charging device is slightly more expensive.

"The charging power has reached full capacity, and the safety device is normal!"

"Charging is normal, material radioactivity has been detected, zirconium-90 has started to convert, and the conversion rate is normal!"

"The beta decay signal of strontium 90 has been detected, and the decay power is not affected."

"The conversion rate of zirconium 90 is stable and safe."

One order after another was passed on in an orderly manner. The experimenters were also veteran employees who had followed Wang Feng in his wars. They were all very skilled and there were basically no problems.

Most of the people sitting here are doctors, and they are very skilled doctors. The graduate schools are at least 985, or even c9 strong schools, very powerful!
PhDs are already hard to come by, and PhDs from prestigious universities are even more rare. Don’t look at the number of PhDs we have at present, but the quality. It can only be said that sometimes it is not without reason that everyone only wants a PhD from overseas returnees.

At present, there are more than 25 doctoral students in our school, and the number of doctoral degrees awarded every year exceeds 5, which is more than 1 more than that of the United States.Since 2008, my country has become the world's largest doctorate-granting country.

What about the quality of such a large number of doctoral students?
Innovation is the main evaluation index for the quality of doctoral training, and currently this index is mainly reflected in the publication of academic papers with sufficient international influence, and the number of citations of papers directly reflects the size of the influence.According to the statistics of the ESI database, in terms of the number of papers collected in that year, the United States ranks first, and although China ranks second, the total number is less than one-third of that of the United States; in terms of the average number of citations per paper, The United States ranks 1th, while China ranks 7th. The gap is obvious.

Of course, it is not comprehensive and scientific to only use academic papers to measure the level of innovation, but the problem of insufficient training of outstanding doctoral students reflected in these data is enough to arouse the vigilance and deep thinking of the educational circles.

A few days ago, the China Computer Federation (CCF) Young Scientists Forum held a special forum with the theme of "What are the difficulties in cultivating excellent PhDs?".Previously, the 2012 China Computer Conference held a special forum on this topic. At that time, the audience crowded the venue and the discussion was very lively.

Winner of the National Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, Changjiang Scholar, these titles are the academic affirmation of Zhou Zhihua, a young professor at Nanjing University. Although this young professor has only trained 6 doctoral students, 5 of them have won the China Computer Federation (CCF ) Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Award.

"I think the biggest difficulty is how to stimulate the interest of graduate students." Zhou Zhihua said that there are many examples of failures on this point. "Some students initially said that they were very interested in a certain field and wanted to do research with me. But after a year , They found that the research was completely different from what they had imagined. They saw the value of academic achievements more from some books, newspapers and magazines, and saw the brilliant side of academic stars, but they could not imagine the painstaking efforts behind them. "

"Many inspirational books will talk about how exciting academic success is, but in fact, you will be very happy when you meet one exciting thing after a few years, and the rest are failures. Even if you really achieve some results, it is far from the reality of the real world. Honor is still a long way off."

Doctoral training often takes 5 years or even longer, not only the process is long, but also the feedback of the sense of accomplishment is not timely, Zhou Zhihua deeply understands: "After the research is done, it may take several years to get everyone's approval. So, really only enjoy Only the scientific research itself can be sustained. Therefore, the greatest reward of scientific research is actually the satisfaction of curiosity.”

In addition to stimulating students' interest, many teachers will examine whether students are fully prepared for future research when recruiting students.

"High ambition, innovative awareness, innovative ability, and entrepreneurial spirit." These are the four qualities that an academic doctor should possess as summarized by Professor Li Jianzhong from Harbin Institute of Technology, winner of the National Outstanding Youth Fund.

As the chief scientist of the 973 project, Li Jianzhong’s first condition for admitting doctoral students is his love for basic research.He will talk to students to see if they really like research in this area, and tell students that if they choose to do research in this area, they may have a hard time in the future, or they may not achieve anything in their lives.

If it is found that the students are not prepared to endure hardships, Li Jianzhong is not particularly willing to admit them.He found that "many young people nowadays are very purposeful, and they are planning to earn a lot of money and have a good job after graduation. With such an idea, it is difficult to actually do research."

In addition, Li Jianzhong attaches great importance to good mathematical qualities and excellent language expression skills: “If a student’s language expression skills are not good, he will not be able to express his research ideas well.

"A good research job is at least 5 years later, and everyone will remember that you have done such a thing." In Zhou Zhihua's view, it is not particularly difficult for doctoral students to find a topic, do some work, and publish some articles , but this is not in good research.

He believes that it is necessary to cultivate the vision and taste of doctoral students in doing research. "What kind of research is good is difficult for students and supervisors themselves to judge. Articles that can be published in top conferences are not necessarily good." Yes, more than half of the papers in the top conferences are not read after five years."

"No matter what kind of scientific research you do, the problem is always at the heart of scientific research. Whether you do basic research, applied research, or engineering problems, you must know that what you do is to solve real problems."

Zhou Zhihua also felt pressured to find a research direction: "It is basically impossible for a graduate student to find a high-quality problem, even if he has read a few books during his master's degree, he is still far away from being at the forefront of the world. If you wait two years to do it, there is not much time left for the school system.”

The topics that Zhou Zhihua determined for his doctoral students were the ones that he had paid attention to and analyzed for a long time, some for five or six years, and some for as long as seven or eight years. Several issues, how these issues have developed in the past few years, which issues may be resolved within 3 to 5 years, and then consider the background conditions of the students."

Various new problems will arise during the growth of doctoral students, and the teacher must constantly solve his confusion.Zhou Zhihua feels that a doctoral student basically needs to be fed by a supervisor for the first two years of research, including how to analyze the theory, how to design the experiment, and even how to present the experimental results.After that, the students gradually began to have their own ideas, and the role of the tutor at this time is to help the students judge what to do next at any time.

However, there is a contradiction in this: if more help is provided to the student, the student seems to have achieved a lot, but his personal ability may not be as shown by the results.If less help is provided to him, the enthusiasm of the students will be greatly reduced.One of Zhou Zhihua's students submitted a paper to an international journal. Zhou Zhihua revised it 19 times for the student, and was very annoyed.

The teacher becomes the "boss", the teacher pays for the students' work, and the teacher and the students basically have no contact at ordinary times. This phenomenon is not an isolated case.

This is what Li Jianzhong objects to the most: "We must focus on educating students, because we are teachers, not engineers, or researchers at the Academy of Sciences, and we cannot spend a lot of time doing other things."

He believes that under the guidance of cultivating students as the center, a good experimental environment should be established, and students can have the conditions to do research. "A supervisor needs to obtain research projects, but if the project is purely for money, even if there are many projects, it may not be beneficial to the students." Cultivating graduate students doesn't help. And a large number of graduate students put a lot of energy into various projects for funding, and it is difficult to do research well."

Now some university teachers often run projects outside and participate in various conferences. Li Jianzhong thinks this is wrong. "A tutor should be based on the frontier of the subject, spend most of his time outside, have no time to read books, no time to read articles, do not know What is this subject area like, and how do you lead students to do research?"

The teacher-student relationship is also an important factor affecting the growth of doctoral students.Li Jianzhong proposed to avoid the sheep-herding training: "The teacher-student relationship has become that I hire you to work for me, which is very bad. How can one person lead dozens of doctoral students to work? It is very difficult for a supervisor to lead 8 graduate students to work together. If you bring dozens of graduate students, you can only herd sheep, and you won’t be able to train students.”

"We must always implement the idea that quality is greater than quantity." Li Jianzhong believes that a supervisor generally admits 0 to 2 doctoral students every year, and no more than 2 is appropriate.

Li Jianzhong also emphasizes teaching by precept and example: "Teachers who work hard can let students see that scientific research is very hard. They need to work hard and let students understand the hardship of scientific research."

What makes Zhou Zhihua feel that it is particularly difficult to train doctoral students is to do it personally: "Students often regard the teacher as a role model. If you see the teacher is diligent, the students must be diligent. Therefore, the teacher must stick to the front line, and especially maintain the feeling of research. and cutting-edge understanding."

Zhou Zhihua believes that the supervisor still has another job to undertake: "When you are a doctoral student, the student is not young and will face many problems. At this time, the teacher has to be a confidant sister and a confidant brother."

A number of doctoral students supervised by Professor Zhao Yao from BJ Jiaotong University won the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Award of China Computer Society and BJ City respectively. He admitted that there are many confusions in the training of doctoral students: "We hope to recruit students who love research. But now The admissions still pay more attention to the written test. I think we should pay more attention to the interview than the written test. We can interview the student to learn more about his thoughts and attitudes. I think attitudes are sometimes more important than scores.”

He feels that how to evaluate the quality of the results is also a big problem.Now the general requirement for doctoral students is to have domestic journal articles, international conference articles, and then international journal articles, and even articles in top international journals, which seem to be getting higher and higher.

"If his views and ideas can be recognized by the academic community, and can solve practical problems and disciplinary problems, I think this is a good thing. However, this kind of evaluation needs time to test."

What are the standards for outstanding doctoral students? Does a high-level paper equal a high-level PhD?On this point, the business community has different views.

Dr. Lu Dongxin, assistant to the general manager of ZTE Mobile Communications Co., Ltd., has reviewed many large projects in the past few years. He found that many of the topics that schools and research institutes have worked on have already taken shape in enterprises, only because of the patent application process and the enterprise. By its own stipulations, these results were not published as articles.From this point of view, the work of many graduate students is invalid labor.

"For example, in Google and Amazon, many technical leaders in their R&D teams are 26 to 28 years old. Many of the research results of these young people in their 20s are being applied. In contrast, in China, a group of old professors who are over fifty years old lead a group of Doctoral students are doing research, but they don’t think about whether these researches are useful for the development of our company?”

It can be seen that there is still a big problem in our doctoral training, and it is still quite difficult to recruit a group of very high-level and relatively capable doctors in the country.

It's not hard to understand why Wang Feng did so few moves at the beginning, and he didn't have any soldiers to use. No matter how many ideas he had, he couldn't support him alone.

But fortunately, the scope and proportion of his choices are now much larger. After winning the Nobel Prize, the scope of his choices is even wider, and many of his ideas can be implemented smoothly.

(End of this chapter)