Easy Tycoon

Chapter 782 Gleevec

Therefore, when Yang Jing heard the bad news, he was also a little dumbfounded, unable to speak for a long time.

"Cole, you must have a way, right? You must have a way to help Vivienne, right? I know you, I know you, I have followed you since 13 years ago, so you must help me this time , Help me keep Vivian."

Old Mike saw something from Yang Jing's expression, but he still begged Yang Jing bitterly.At this time, Yang Jing is almost his only spiritual support.

Especially in these years, this person who is nearly 20 years younger than me is so amazing. Starting from a mere 3000 million US dollars, it took 13 years to double the 3000 million US dollars by more than 1 times, and also turned a small The evil dragon fund developed into the largest and most terrifying fund in the world.

How could such an almost omnipotent boss be unable to treat Vivienne?
"Hey, Mike, calm down first." Yang Jing came back to his senses, patted the boss on the shoulder and said softly, "Can you tell me about Vivienne's situation? I need to understand it from beginning to end. Only in this way can we find a way to solve the problem. I can't help you with your current state. "

Yang Jing's words immediately made Old Mike's eyes light up again, he held Yang Jing's hand tightly, and asked in an extremely eager tone: "Cole, can you really save Vivian's life?" ?”

Yang Jing didn't nod or shake his head. He doesn't know whether his acupuncture can completely cure this incurable disease, so he doesn't dare to give old Mike any guarantee.

It is definitely an extremely wrong way to make a guarantee at this time. Once the guarantee is made and it cannot be completed, it will be a fatal blow to Old Mike.Yang Jing didn't want his right-hand assistant to be divorced from him because of a small guarantee.

"Mike, I don't know much about Vivian's situation now, so I need you to tell me. Mike, you shouldn't be like this at this time, because if you want to save Vivian, you must not panic first. Even you don't have the confidence to save Vivian, can you still count on others? So, what you need to do most now is to cheer yourself up first, so that you can have enough strength to save your Vivian .”

Old Mike took a deep breath, bit his cheek, then nodded heavily, and raised his head again.

"Cole, Vivienne felt a little uncomfortable at the beginning of last month, so she went to the hospital for an examination, and the doctor gave the result of chronic myelogenous leukemia with positive Philadelphia chromosome. The doctor said, Vivienne This kind of disease is in the chronic stage, not yet in the transformation stage, but according to the results of the examination, although Vivienne discovered the disease in the early stage of the chronic stage, if there is no special control method or medicine, He has at most two years to enter the transformation period. By that time, it is almost hopeless."

Although Old Mike's tone was very sad, what he said was clear and coherent. It could be seen that he was already trying to cheer himself up.

Yang Jing asked: "So, have you applied for bone marrow matching?"

To completely cure this disease, bone marrow transplantation is the best way.Of course, if Old Mike and Vivian can have another child, treatment with stem cells from umbilical cord blood will be more effective than bone marrow transplantation, but at the age of Old Mike and Vivian, it is obviously impossible to have a child. Vivienne has gone through menopause, not to mention her body does not allow to have children.

Therefore, bone marrow transplantation is currently the best medical method.

But in the same way, even in the United States, bone marrow transplantation is not transplanted at will, and bone marrow matching is difficult even in the United States.It is not uncommon to be out of shape for a year or two.

"Well, I applied, but I'm afraid I don't have much hope." Old Mike said with a heavy heart. "Bone marrow matching depends on luck. It's normal if you don't match. Only a few people can find a suitable bone marrow for transplantation. Sorry, Cole, I said I was resigning just now because I was worried that I couldn't find a suitable bone marrow. In that case , I can only accompany Vivienne through the last part of her life."

Yang Jing patted the back of the old man's hand and said, "Mike, I can understand your feelings. If it were me, I would do the same. So, is Vivienne just taking medication now?"

"Well, she mainly uses Maryland tablets to control it now, but that kind of drug has serious side effects. Vivienne has had a hard time during this time."

"Malilan Tablets?" Yang Jing hesitated for a moment, and then realized that this drug has another name in China, that is, Busulfan Tablets. Before Novartis Pharmaceuticals in Switzerland developed Gleevec, this drug And hydroxyurea sulfate is the best drug to control leukemia.

However, the side effects of these two drugs are very serious, and the therapeutic effect is far inferior to that of the famous Gleevec in later generations.

Because Yang Jing watched the movie "I'm Not the God of Medicine" last year and was very moved, he specifically inquired about the source of the drug "Glenin" in the movie. Gleevec knew it all.

It's just that although the research and development of Gleevec has already taken shape, it's just a clue. There are still six years before the first human trial of the real Gleevec.

Moreover, at this time period, even Novartis Pharmaceuticals has not yet been established. It will not be until 1996 that the Swiss pharmaceutical companies Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz will merge to form Novartis.But obviously, without the special control drug Gleevec, it would be difficult for Vivienne to persist for two or three years.

However, it is obviously not an easy task to develop Gleevec all at once.The development of Gleevec itself has gone through a long and tortuous road.

Since the discovery of leukemia, humans have been fighting against this incurable disease.In the 60s and [-]s of last century, mainstream academic circles generally believed that "viruses are the main cause of tumors".At this time, Nowell and Hungerford of the University of Pennsylvania Cancer Institute began to do a "deviant" thing. They were trying to find changes in genetic material in tumor cells.

In 1973, Dr. Janet Rowley, a female Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, also joined the study.

Until the 80s, with the rise of oncogene research, New Zealand scientist Dr. Annelis discovered a homologous gene sequence C-ABL of human and mouse leukemia virus, which was translocated from chromosome 9 to the long arm of chromosome 22. This conclusion indicates that the translocation of C-ABL leads to the occurrence of CML.

From Dr. Norwell's discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome in 1960, to Dr. Janet Rowley's determination that the Philadelphia chromosome was caused by chromosomal translocation in 1973, and finally to Dr. Anneliese's discovery of the fusion of the oncogene C-ABL with BCR after translocation in 1982 The continuous activation of tyrosine kinase eventually led to the occurrence of CML, which lasted for 22 years.

The cause of leukemia was found, but it took nearly 20 years to find a solution to this pathology.

In 1993, Brian Drucker, who was only 38 years old, came to Oregon Health and Science University in Portland to conduct scientific research on CML.During this time, Drucker and his colleagues in Boston developed a new method for measuring the activity of the BCR-ABL enzyme using specially designed antibodies.This approach is an invaluable tool for evaluating potential treatments for CML.While finding the way, Drucker will have to compete with competitors at other research centers to be the first to find a drug that can inactivate key enzymes that inhibit cancer and allow remaining healthy tissue to survive. survived.

And the Swiss pharmaceutical company Ciba-Geigy biochemist Nick. Leiden is Drucker's old acquaintance.Nick called Drucker and told Drucker that their company had what Drucker was looking for.

The drug is called STI571, which is what Gleevec was called during development.Although it was accidentally synthesized by chemists at Ciba-Geigy in search of a new anti-inflammatory drug, through in vitro experiments, the researchers found that STI571 can inhibit the activity of the enzyme.However, they are not sure how to use this compound.

That is to say, at this critical moment, Ciba-Geigy has a key enzyme, and Drucker has mastered how to use this key enzyme.When the two meet, it is dry wood meeting fire, and a violent chemical reaction immediately occurs.

In August 1993, Drucker received the first liquid samples of STI8 and other candidate compounds from Switzerland.Using the enzyme detection technology he assisted in developing, he confirmed that STI571 can exert a strong inhibitory effect on BCR-ABL enzyme.

But while the experiments in the laboratory were successful, the results of the experiments on animals were not as satisfactory.

Still, by 1997, Drucker had published a number of related papers with collaborators in Portland and Switzerland.He believes compound STI571 is ready for human trials.But at this time, Novartis did not agree to conduct human experiments, because in the previous animal experiments, it was always impossible to solve the phenomenon that blood clots would appear at the end of the catheter in dogs receiving drugs in the form of veins, and when injecting dogs with relatively At high doses, these animals showed signs of liver damage.

Under the premise that this situation cannot be resolved, Novartis even suggested to abandon the project completely.

However, Novartis' retreat did not make Drucker retreat. After all, chemotherapy will also be destructive to the canine body.So he bypassed Novartis and declared directly to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).By June 1998, after receiving FDA approval, Drucker was using STI6 to treat a 571-year-old Oregon man with chronic myelogenous leukemia.

The effect of the clinical treatment is naturally no problem, and the side effects of the previous experiments on canine animals have disappeared. It can be said that this first clinical trial has achieved a complete success.

And as more and more leukemia patients voluntarily joined clinical trials, the drug has achieved better efficacy.So in 2001, Novartis submitted the new drug application report to the FDA, and it was approved within two and a half months-this is by far the fastest drug review in FDA history.It is also one of the few first-line clinical new drugs that are directly approved in the form of a "green channel" after only passing the phase I clinical trial.

In May 2001, the U.S. government announced that the new drug—Novartis named Gleevec in North America and Glivec in Europe—would be used to treat patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.

This is the whole process of the production of Gleevec. It took nearly half a century before and after, and the total research funding in it exceeded 50 billion US dollars!
This drug is indeed the best drug for treating leukemia. After using this drug, many leukemia patients in later generations can generally survive for five or six years even without bone marrow transplantation. Some patients can even survive for ten or 20 years. above.

Of course, the price of this drug is also very expensive.At least in China, this kind of medicine is definitely not affordable for ordinary people.

"I'm Not the God of Medicine" was filmed based on the various events caused by this drug in China.

However, in this era, Gleevec has not yet been developed.
PS: Bow down and thank "Little Yuer 62" and "Very Lazy Fish" for their 100 rewards.

(End of this chapter)