I can extract side effects.

Chapter 214 Wen Renlong's Frustration and Fighting Spirit

At noon, just after twelve o'clock, Wen Renlong threw away the whiteboard marker in his hand, tapped on the writing board, and announced the end of the one-hour class.

"Okay, let's stop here for today. It's time for dinner, so we must not delay this."

"Go back and read the book if you don't understand it, and ask me again at the next question and answer time if you don't understand it after reading the book."

After speaking, he turned around smartly and walked out of the conference room.

This is where the AI ​​Pharmaceutical Laboratory is teaching colleagues, mainly explaining some theoretical knowledge of the combination of machine learning and chemical pharmacy, and answering questions at the same time. There are two classes a week, one hour each time.

Dozens of people sat bustling in the conference room, all colleagues who came to class.

They all stared at the writing board with sad faces, looking at the dense content on it, they couldn't help but wailed.

"Why, why didn't I understand anything?"

"Mom, is this a heavenly book?"

"Where am I? What am I doing? What have I heard?"

"It's normal to not understand. Boss always speaks very quickly. Fortunately, I brought a voice recorder." A fat man wearing glasses turned on his phone, tapped it a few times, and took a picture of everything on the clipboard.

"Fuck, big brother is awesome, can you send me a copy of the recording later?"

"No problem, I will put it on the server of the AI ​​laboratory, which laboratory are you from?"

"I'm a new postdoctoral fellow. I just finished my training and plan to join the AI ​​lab. Why don't I listen to the lectures first?"

"Then you are amazing. You dared to listen to the boss's class when you first came here. Which school are you a Ph.D.?"

"Don't dare, I'm a Ph.D. in chemistry from Peking University." The postdoctoral fellow waved his hands modestly, but couldn't help raising his head and puffing out his chest.

"Hehe," the fat man smiled, and gave him a sympathetic look: "Dude, it's not me, no matter what school's Ph.D., even if it's Harvard, MIT, Stanford Ph.D., if you listen to the boss's class, you can follow his train of thought." Not many."

The postdoctoral fellow of Peking University looked at the content on the writing board, was silent for a moment, picked up his phone, and took a picture.

"Thank you, brother, let's go have dinner together."

"Machine learning is really difficult. Although my self-study ability is not bad, I heard that the director's class is still quite difficult. I don't understand a lot of content. Brother, you are an old employee. Do you have any experience to pass on?"

The fat man nodded with deep understanding: "To be honest, I can only understand half of it, and sometimes I have to go back and read by myself. By the way, what books do you usually read?"

The postdoctoral fellow of Peking University handed over a thick book with the words "Principles of Machine Learning" written on the cover.

The fat man glanced at the title of the book, but he didn't take it. He shook his head and said, "There's something wrong with the book you're reading. The author of this book isn't that high-level and doesn't highlight the key points. No wonder it's difficult for you to understand."

The postdoctoral fellow of Peking University was stunned: "Ah? Can't it work? But this book is the textbook of our computer department at Peking University."

The fat man took out a book from his bag, the cover was all in English, and handed it over: "Read this book, it was written by my tutor, although it's all in English, it's still relatively simple and understandable. Some basic theoretical understanding is relatively in-depth.”

The postdoctoral fellow of Peking University accepted it with a look of shock, turned a few pages curiously, and couldn't speak clearly: "Brother, brother, this, this, thank you, which school did you graduate from?"

The fat man adjusted his glasses, and said calmly, "I am a Ph.D. student from Stanford, and I am the brother of the boss. However, I was relatively mediocre back then, and I followed ordinary mentors. The boss's mentor is amazing. It is Professor Stone, the winner of the Turing Award. I also applied back then, but was rejected, Professor Stone didn’t like me, not only didn’t he like me, the whole Stanford, Professor Stone only accepted the eldest student for several years.”

He said with a heavy face, "Oh, this is one of the biggest regrets in my life. Sure enough, I am just an ordinary person. Compared with a genius like the boss, there is still a big gap. Sitting here and listening to the boss give a small lecture, you can't keep up with his train of thought."

The postdoctoral fellow of Peking University was stunned, unable to speak for a long time, only a group of mud horses galloped past in his mind.

After a while, he finally choked out a sentence: "The director is worthy of being the director. I must study this book well when I go back!" He waved his hand calmly: "Hey, it's normal. I have known the boss for so many years. I have long been used to this kind of life being beaten.You'll get used to it in no time.Let's go and have dinner together. "

The two returned quickly after eating, and each returned to their desks.

The postdoctoral fellow hiccupped and did not dare to relax for a moment. He took the English book and began to study hard.

He secretly vowed that he must read it early so that he could understand Wen Renlong's lecture as soon as possible.

The fat man turned on the computer and checked the progress of the project.

After watching for a while, he frowned, and the more he looked, the more depressed he became.

This is a new drug research and development project on blood coagulation factor antagonists, which is inspired by the super hemostatic agent released last year.

Sanqing’s super hemostatic agent is a powerful drug molecule, which can not only promote the contraction of damaged capillaries, but also strongly stimulate the thrombin in the blood, so as to achieve the effect of hemostasis in 3 seconds.

Not long after the hemostatic agent came out, Fatty discovered through in-depth research that the reason why this drug molecule can have such a strong effect on thrombin is because it targets the active site of a coagulation factor, thereby intensifying the activity of the coagulation factor .

So, after the fat man started reverse thinking, he soon had a new idea.

If an antagonist for the coagulation factor receptor is developed on the basis of this hemostatic drug molecule, wouldn’t it be possible to achieve the opposite effect, inactivating the coagulation factor, thereby inhibiting the activity of thrombin and achieving the anticoagulant effect? Effect.

There is a receptor theory in pharmacology, which means that the reason why a drug has an effect is because it will grab the corresponding receptor, just like a key to open a lock, only the drug or related compounds can open the lock. Turn the lock, activate this receptor.

Many drugs have been successfully developed based on this theory. The most famous receptor is the opioid receptor, and addictive drugs such as morphine act on the opioid receptor to produce a strong addictive effect.

The receptor theory makes it easy to think, if a similar chemical molecule is used to occupy all the receptors, wouldn't it be possible to prevent the receptor from functioning?
It's like stuffing a piece of plasticine with a similar shape into the lock hole, you can block the lock, so that the real key cannot be inserted and it will not work.

This similarly shaped piece of plasticine is the antagonist.

Chemical molecules are three-dimensional, which leads to slight changes in structure that can turn a drug into an antagonist, or an antagonist into a drug.

For example, morphine is a stimulant. If the methyl group of the morphine molecule is replaced with an allyl group, it becomes an effective antagonist, allyl morphine, which not only does not excite people, but also does not suppress it. Pain, but can prevent morphine or other opioids from working.

It squeezes the morphine out of the receptors, crowds out the receptors, and leaves nowhere for the morphine to act.

The clotting factor antagonist that Fatty wants to study is also based on the same principle.

As long as some minor changes are made to the molecular structure of the drug, an antagonist can be obtained from the hemostatic agent, thereby obtaining a brand-new anticoagulant drug that can greatly inhibit venous blood clots.

When Fatty thought of this idea, he was so excited that he almost jumped up from the computer. He immediately took the research findings to Wen Renlong to declare the project.

Wen Renlong praised his innovative thinking and agreed to his application almost immediately.

This is the first self-developed new drug project of the AI ​​Pharmaceutical Laboratory, and it is a brand-new cardiovascular and cerebrovascular field, so it has received great support.

Fatty led five doctors, and a total of six people formed a new tackling team to research and develop innovative anticoagulant drugs.

However, from the beginning of the project, the progress was not smooth.

Because it is necessary to synthesize all drug molecules with similar structures, and then test the effect one by one, and the same carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, even if they are arranged in the same way, the effect is actually different.

Generally speaking, the workload is very heavy. Just analyzing the fine structure between different drug molecules will cost the lives of these six people.

They can only turn to Wen Renlong, with his help to build an AI model, screen the molecular structures of different drugs, and then predict their effects.

In this way, the workload was finally reduced to within the range that six people could do.

Later, with the AI ​​software provided by the company, the work progress took off rapidly.

Finally, after six months of hard work, three antagonists with similar structures were screened out.

However, during this time, they encountered difficulties again.

The three antagonists that were screened performed well in computer predictions, but they were quite different in actual tests.

Obviously the principle is correct and the data is fine, but it is always very different from the reality.

This must be something wrong with the model or algorithm.

They summed up the problem, but they can't always figure out where the problem is.

It has been delayed for half a month, and it cannot be completely resolved, so it cannot continue.

I really can't afford to delay.

The fat man gritted his teeth, typed out a document, got up and walked towards Wen Renlong's office.

"Boom boom boom!"

"Stop knocking, Wang Yong, I can tell it's you by the sound, come in quickly, what's the matter?"

Wen Renlong shouted impatiently, still waving his hands, leaving an afterimage on the mechanical keyboard.

Fatty Wang Yong came in, wiped the cold sweat from his forehead, and forced a smile.

"Boss, we encountered another problem with the anticoagulant drug project. The data of the AI ​​model is always very different from the actual test. We can't figure it out, so I'm looking for you to see what's wrong."

Wen Renlong took the documents and looked at them with a serious face.

Wang Yong scratched his head and said, "We all think that there is something wrong with the algorithm or model, but we don't know where it is."

Wen Renlong said decisively, "It's not about the algorithms and models. It's about the testing experiments."

"Ah? Is it a problem with our design experiment?" Wang Yong was dumbfounded. The experiment designed by the six of them together had no problems in the preliminary test, so they didn't think in this direction. They always thought it was a problem with the algorithm. Now But completely dumbfounded.

After thinking about it, yes, this algorithm and model are all made under the guidance of the boss, so there must be no problem.

I was probably stupid, so I didn't think about the problem with the experimental design.

Wang Yong blushed, but he was relieved in his heart. In fact, he originally wanted to solve it by himself with his teammates, but after more than half a month of research and forgetting to eat and sleep, he couldn't get it done, so he had to turn to the leader for help again. With eyebrows.

Wen Renlong looked at it and frowned. He took out a pen and began to write and draw on the writing board in the office.

Wang Yong watched earnestly from the side, not daring to show his breath, but the more he read, the more confused he became. He only felt that what Wen Renlong wrote contained some kind of truth, but he couldn't quite understand it.

Five minutes later, Wen Renlong stopped writing, pointed to a place in the middle and said, "There is something wrong with the experimental procedure you designed, and you need to improve it here."

"You see, if you change the temperature and soaking time here, you can get more accurate data."

"Although you have obtained three antagonists with similar structures, from the analysis point of view, the specific binding of two of them is not clear. If you change the experiment, you can get obvious stereospecific binding, so as to select the final answer .”

He patted Wang Yong on the shoulder and said with relief: "Good job, I'm really proud of you. Come on!"

Wang Yong said with a confused face: "Boss, can you explain in more detail?"

Wen Renlong said in surprise: "Does this need to be explained? Isn't this obvious?"

"Look," he waved his hands, pointing his fingers from here to there, and after a while, said: This process is very simple, you can change it as you like. "

Wang Yong said with a bitter face: "Boss, wait a minute, it's a bit difficult for me to listen alone. I'll call them together, and there will always be someone who can understand."

Wen Renlong couldn't help but waved his hand in silence, and couldn't help sighing.

After a flurry of phone calls, there were five more people in the office, listening carefully to Wen Renlong's explanation.

This time Wen Renlong started the teaching mode for fools, and explained it from beginning to end, as detailed as possible.

In this way, I was often interrupted halfway to answer the questions raised by the six people.

Two hours later, he finally finished speaking. His mouth was so dry that he almost foamed at the mouth.

And Wang Yong and the six finally nodded, showing suddenly enlightened expressions.

Wen Renlong had no strength to speak anymore, shook his head, kicked Wang Yong, returned to his seat, picked up his cup and gulped down the water.

Wang Yong looked embarrassed, and said with a smile on his face: "Thank you boss, we will work overtime tonight, and we must get the new medicine out as soon as possible."

After the six left, Wen Renlong slumped on the chair, panting with his tongue out.

It took him a long time to recover, and he couldn't help sighing: "It's so lonely to be a genius like me."

Wen Renlong wasted two hours, but Wang Yong and the others saved at least two months.

After they went back, they worked overtime and rushed to work continuously, and finally found the drug molecule they had been looking for for a long time in the experiment.

A new coagulation factor antagonist is also a new anticoagulant drug.

The experimental results are very good. Through the inhibition of coagulation factors, it can greatly inhibit the generation of thrombin and inhibit the formation of thrombus.

The drug's principle is very similar to BMS Pharmaceuticals' (Bristol-Myers Squibb) apixaban, a flagship anticoagulant drug with annual sales of more than $100 billion.

Wen Renlong was also very excited after receiving the experimental results.

This is the first time that the AI ​​pharmaceutical laboratory has independently developed a new drug using machine learning, and it is also Sanqing's first drug in the new field of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

"It's great! I'm so awesome, this wave of bosses can't be suppressed by me!"

Wen Renlong rushed directly to Wei Kang's office, and shouted excitedly as soon as he entered the door: "Boss, look, our laboratory has developed a new type of anticoagulant drug."

He threw the report in front of Wei Kang with a "bang", and said triumphantly with his hands on his hips.

"Boss, this is Sanqing's first cardiovascular and cerebrovascular innovative drug. It can be the first shot to enter the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular field! This wave will definitely kill BMS' drug king Apixaban!"

Wei Kang took the report, looked at it, nodded in approval and said: "You are right, such an outstanding drug effect can indeed compete with Apixaban, or even better, well done."

Wen Renlong held his head up, smiling, his head held high, like a fighting cock returning from victory.

"Your anticoagulant may not come out on top, though."

Wei Kang held back his smile and handed over a freshly released experiment report.

"Some time ago, I also developed two cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs, one antihypertensive drug and one antithrombotic drug. This is the experimental report, you can take a look."

"Ah?" Wen Renlong was stunned for a moment, and took the report blankly.

After glancing at the materials in his hand, he couldn't help his eyelids twitching wildly.

His eyes instantly became hot, and he looked at Wei Kang with scorching eyes, and said frantically.

"Ah, the boss is indeed the eternal god. He came up with two new medicines so quickly. The speed and strength are worthy of being my idol, Aaron."

"I'm really naive. I haven't correctly recognized the boss's strength for so long, and I still want to surpass him." He clenched his fists and made up his mind.

"The boss is my goal in life. Although my strength is limited, I must work hard to learn from my boss and strive to achieve one-tenth, no, one-hundredth of his achievements."

Wei Kang looked indifferent, and smiled slightly: "Very good, these two medicines are also given to you."

"These three cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs are very important to the company. Remember to report the progress of the follow-up clinical trials at any time. I will wait for your good news."

(End of this chapter)