Hand rubbing nuclear fusion live in the wilderness

Chapter 529 The Method of Realizing Cold Fusion
Staring at the energy release map data in front of him, Han Yuan was silent for a while.

He wanted to say, "This is not scientific!"

But the real data in front of him made him unable to say that.

Even if it was suspected that there was something wrong with the eyes or the data, this possibility was completely dispelled after repeated energy release experiments to obtain new energy spectrum data.

Looking at the energy spectrum images and data tables of repeated experiments, Won was a little confused.

Cold fusion, something that was not practical based on his knowledge reserve, actually appeared in front of him.

It's not that he doesn't know the value of cold fusion technology, on the contrary, he knows better than anyone else how valuable it is if the fusion reaction can be started at room temperature.

But the fright that this thing gave him was far greater than the surprise.

Because it means that the current physical system has collapsed.

Of course, it cannot be said that it has completely collapsed, but at least a small part of it has collapsed, and at least particle physics will probably collapse completely.

Nuclear fusion, also known as nuclear fusion, fusion reaction, fusion reaction or thermonuclear reaction.

It refers to the process in which two atomic nuclei are attracted to each other and collide with each other under certain conditions (such as ultra-high temperature and high pressure) by atoms with small mass, and the aggregation of atomic nuclei occurs.

In this process, two less massive atoms fuse to form a new, heavier nucleus.

For example, "deuterium and tritium" in DT controllable nuclear fusion will generate helium atoms after fusion.

In addition, in the collision of two light-mass atoms, neutrons can escape from the shackles of the nucleus and be released during the collision process due to their uncharged nature. What is shown by the release of a large number of electrons and neutrons is Huge energy release.

This is nuclear fusion. In the final analysis, why atomic fusion releases energy is because of the loss of mass during the fusion process.

Simply put, the mass of the helium atom produced after the fusion of two hydrogen atoms (referring to deuterium and tritium) is actually less than the sum of the mass of the previous two hydrogen atoms.

Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen consisting of a proton, a neutron and an electron.

Tritium is also an isotope of hydrogen, consisting of a proton, two neutrons and an electron.

But the helium formed after these two fusions is composed of two protons, two neutrons and two electrons.

Visibly, one neutron is lost.

According to Einstein's theory, according to the mass-energy equation E=mc, this lost mass will be converted into a corresponding amount of energy.

Of course, this is the source of energy for nuclear fusion, but to allow two nuclei to undergo nuclear fusion, it is necessary to find a way to collide the two nuclei together.

But because the nucleus is positively charged, there is Coulomb repulsion between the nuclei, so only when the two nuclei are close enough, the strong interaction force can overcome the Coulomb repulsion and bring the two nuclei together.

Macroscopically, only by increasing the heat in the system and accelerating the thermal motion of the molecules in the system can the nuclei collide with enough kinetic energy to produce fusion reactions.

This is the theoretical basis of today's microscopic physics, and it is also the basic condition for the emergence of controllable nuclear fusion.

On this theoretical basis, cold fusion naturally does not exist.

That's why Han Yuan was taken aback after observing the fusion phenomenon of H particles, and he didn't feel the pleasure of harvesting new technology at all.

Some are just confused by the flaws in the basic theory of microphysics.

In the live broadcast room, countless viewers were immediately amused to see Han Yuan standing there motionless in a daze.

[There is still a problem that this anchor doesn't understand?The sun came out from the west. 】

[I’ve been watching the live broadcast for six years, and I always thought that the host knew everything, but I didn’t expect that there would be a day when I didn’t understand. This confused look is so cute. 】

[Six years is a p, I have really been seven years and four months. 】

[I seem to have heard the word 'cold fusion' just now? 】

[Cold fusion?A fusion reaction of minus one or two hundred degrees?Doesn't nuclear fusion require tens of millions of degrees of temperature to proceed? 】

[Cold fusion refers to fusion at room temperature, but from the definition of the physics community, this is impossible. No wonder the anchor is also confused. 】

[Why is it impossible?The universe is so big, if there is hot fusion, there must be cold fusion. 】

[Upstairs, I recommend a few books, you can read them, don't ask, I'm afraid I won't know if I keep asking. 】

[Why, why is cold fusion impossible? 】

【"Mechanics", "Electromagnetism", "Thermal Sciences", "Atomic Physics".】

In the live broadcast room, the audience was interested in the state of Won, but they were more interested in the information he revealed when he muttered to himself in surprise.

Cold fusion, this technology has been completely falsified in the early 90s.

This aroused the curiosity of many physicists, and they all squatted into the live broadcast room, looking forward to the follow-up development.

In the laboratory, Han Yuan stared at the energy release spectrum and fell into confusion.

"No, no, physics didn't collapse, it was my thinking that went wrong."

After being confused for a while, after Xiaoling passed on the latest energy release experiment data, Han Yuan was suddenly awakened by the first energy release data of high-energy electrons.

He seemed to have caught some thought, staring at the display screen with rapt eyes and muttering to himself.

"The fusion of atomic nuclei does not have to be under the conditions of ultra-high temperature and high pressure. The reason why current thermonuclear fusion uses ultra-high temperature and high pressure is to deprive the outer layer of the nucleus of electrons, so that the nucleus can contact the nucleus with each other."

"Because the strong force can only occur at extremely short distances, the short-range force interferes with this effect, but in quantum mechanics, the interaction between particles is not an action at a distance, but through some kind of boson as a medium." unfolded."

"Just like the electromagnetic interaction exchanges photons, the strong interaction exchanges gluons or mesons, and the weak interaction exchanges Z bosons."

"The thing that provides the nuclear force for the deuterium-tritium nucleus is the meson that acts between the two nucleons. The mass of the meson is 172.3 MeV, that is to say, it is only on the order of ten minus thirteen meters, and it acts on the two protons. Only the nuclear force between them can offset the short-range force, so that the two nuclei can fuse, and then a fusion reaction can occur.”

The voice of Han Won talking to himself was not very low, it was perfectly recorded by the camera and transmitted to the live broadcast room, but listening to these soliloquies, the audience in the live broadcast room were already dumbfounded.

[I'm sorry, what is the anchor talking about? 】

[I can understand every word, but when I connect it, it feels like a bee is flying in my head. 】

[It seems to be explaining why there is such a thing as nuclear fusion? 】

[Does this thing need an explanation?Isn't it just that two atomic nuclei collided and fused together? 】

[It's not as simple as you think. Your answer failed in high school physics, and it's about the same in elementary school. At least you can answer a short-range force in high school physics. 】

[You just used the simplest words to describe nuclear fusion, but the host analyzed it from the bottom. He even calculated the mass of mesons exchanged during nuclear fusion and how close two nuclei must be for fusion to occur. 】

[I, who studies physics, said that Jill is really scary. This person's brain is the core of quantum computing, right? 】

[I'm more concerned about whether cold fusion can exist. Anyway, I don't understand these physical theories, so I might as well talk about this. 】

[I don't understand, see the follow-up. 】

The ordinary viewers in the live broadcast room were confused, but the physicists who came after receiving the news of cold fusion almost trembled with excitement.

Compared with ordinary audiences, they know exactly what Won is talking about.

The mumbling words in his mouth are explaining the existence of the mass gap and the mechanism of atomic nuclear force.

The former is one of the most difficult propositions about unified field theory in particle physics, and it is also one of the seven millennium problems recognized by the international mathematics community, not to mention the difficulty.

The latter is something that human physical development has not figured out until today.

How the mechanism of atomic nuclear force is formed, none of today's scientists know.

The nuclear force, to put it simply, is actually the strong interaction force.

This thing comes from the nucleus.

Its function is to bind the neutrons and protons of the atomic nucleus together so that they will not fall apart.

After all, protons are positively charged, and two protons will repel each other, which is equivalent to putting two magnets with the same magnetic poles together and they will be automatically repelled.

And the strong nuclear force, the strong interaction, draws them together, causing them to form nuclei in a very small area.

As for how this strong interaction force came about, no one knows yet.

But today, physicists from various countries have heard some explanations about the source of the strong nuclear force from Won.

To put it simply, the strong nuclear force comes from a kind of 'meson', which has a mass of 172.3 MeV, and can bind the quarks in protons and neutrons in this order of magnitude below ten minus thirteen meters together, and bind together the protons and neutrons in the atom.

This kind of meson is the core source of the strong interaction force.

Of course, Won didn't say how the 'force' of this kind of meson came from, but that's enough.

Knowing this, the physics community can use the strong particle collider to find this thing, observe it, and determine its properties, so as to understand the source of its power to a certain extent.

This is of great help to particle physics, physics, and even other disciplines such as materials science and chemistry.

In the simulated space, Han Yuan ignored the barrage in the live broadcast room, still staring at the Shi Neng map and talking to himself.

If the shooting device flies to the front of him, you will find that his pupils have completely dilated at this moment, the pupils are not focused, and he is completely caught in his own thoughts.

In fact, this was exactly the case. The brain enhanced by the human body's development medicine and gene enhancement medicine was enough to support him to think about these things in his mind.

Even some huge mathematical calculations and mathematical formulas can pass through the mind one by one like meteors.

"The fusion of two nuclei requires a distance less than ten minus thirteen meters. Only when the distance is lower than this distance can the repulsion force between the nuclei be lower than the strong nuclear force of the nuclei, and then in the short-range force fused together.”

"If the outer electrons of the two nuclei are stripped first, and then find a way to weaken the repulsive force between the protons, it is possible for the two nuclei to attract each other and undergo a fusion reaction without strong kinetic energy. of."

"In this way, the tens of millions of degrees of high temperature and high pressure required by the original thermal fusion reaction to accelerate the atomic nucleus, strip off the outer electrons, and drive the conditions for the atomic nucleus to collide can be directly cut off."

"And if the repulsive force between protons is weakened, the strong nuclear force carried by the meson itself can be further amplified to the atom itself, so that the high-energy electrons in the outer layer can be bound."

"So that's the case. Although there are still some unexplainable things, this is already the formation and energy release mechanism of H particles."

After a long time, Han Yuan, who was in deep thought, finally raised his head again, his dilated pupils focused, and his gaze stared at the virtual projection in front of him.

He should have found the secret of this energy stone, as well as the formation mechanism and energy release secret of H particles.

Although there are still some things, such as how to suppress the electromagnetic repulsion force of the protons in the H particle nucleus, and how the strong nuclear force carried by the mesons come from, these things have not yet been understood, but today's harvest is really not small .

The latter, in particular, can be said to partly explain the existence of the mass gap.

The existence of the mass gap is related to the difficult problem of 'Yang-Mills existence and mass gap'.

In quantum field theory, the mass gap is the difference in energy between the lowest energy level (that is, the vacuum) and the next lower energy level.

By definition, the energy of a vacuum is zero, and assuming that all energy levels can be represented as particles in a plane wave, the mass gap is the mass of the lightest particle.

If the lightest particle can be found, it will prove the existence of the mass gap.

However, it is too difficult to find this particle. With the current large-scale strong particle collider, even the No. [-] particle collider built by Korean Won cannot do it.

Human beings have been discovering new types of particles, from the very beginning of atoms to nuclei and electrons; then to neutrons, protons and the quarks that make them up, and then to the classification of quarks, the emergence of heavy quarks, light quarks, and the discovery of bosons These things are undoubtedly developed from large mass to small mass.

And under the light quarks and bosons, no one knows what is there.

Although the current physics community believes that quarks are already inseparable, who knows the real situation?
Maybe the indivisibility of quarks is just because the particle colliders built by humans are not powerful enough, and the acceleration and energy levels cannot smash quarks into pieces.

After all, didn’t previous physicists also believe that the neutrons and protons that make up the nucleus are already the smallest units of matter that cannot be divided?
But with the power of particle colliders and the ability to stably produce protons for collision experiments, the belief that neutrons and protons are inseparable is directly broken.

Maybe when humans can directly produce stable quarks and use quarks for high-energy collisions, quarks will be broken into smaller substances like protons?

(End of this chapter)