Hand rubbing nuclear fusion live in the wilderness

Chapter 390 Special Gamma Nickel
Emerging from the water, Won swam ashore and took off his diving equipment.

With regard to the information and data of the female worm, he has almost explored through the exploration of different waters.

To put it simply, the female worm of this giant insect does reproduce in water.

But that dead reservoir should not be the last battle of the female worm, but a transit point.

In the past two days, he found through inspections that the activity trail of the female worm was a straight line, to be precise, a branch line like a four-lane road.

Starting from the first insect nest that was eliminated before, it has been derived to the present dead water reservoir.

In the area of ​​[-] kilometers around this straight line, whether it is a pond, a lake or a river, all the fish in it have been eaten.

It can almost be inferred from this that the activity diameter of the female insect is about [-] kilometers.

As for the insect nest that was eliminated before, and the new insect nest that has not been processed yet, Won calculated that the distance to the nearest water area is not more than [-] kilometers.

Of course, the water area here refers to lakes and reservoirs of a certain size, such as ponds with an area of ​​only a few acres, and mud pits cannot be included in the calculation, otherwise this judgment cannot be made at all.

It took two days for Han Yuan to explore more than a dozen water areas, and after roughly figuring out the range of activities of the female worm and the worm nest, he returned to the Amazon rainforest base.

I will leave the rest to Xiaoqi.

Of course, he did not forget to modify the zero space shuttle and leave behind a batch of CL-20 high explosives of different tonnages.

With Xiao Qi's body, it is no problem at all to deal with bombs weighing four or five tons.

As for the problem of the female worm, Xiaoqi will keep an eye on it through satellites, analyze the possible waters through data, and then record and launch a batch of underwater detectors for exploration.

If it can be found, Xiao Qi will first drop a large amount of meat at a fixed location to lure the female insects, and then drop CL-20 high-explosive bombs to destroy them.

Won speculates that meat should be the main food of the female worm during the egg-laying incubation period, and it is also the thing that attracts it the most.

Of course, this does not mean that it cannot eat plants, but the energy and nutrition contained in plants are not at the same level as meat.

Therefore, using this method to lure and eliminate female insects should be very effective.

As for the result, Xiao Qi will inform him.

Now it was time for him to get on with his task.

It didn't take much time to find and deal with the female insects and arrange related matters. After returning to the Amazon rainforest, Won started the smelting and preparation of gamma nickel immediately.

Artificially synthesizing three unnatural elements is another condition of the 'resource collection' task, so he will naturally take it to heart.

Of course, this is what countries and capitalists most want to see.

On the contrary, for most audiences, it is more enjoyable to create an explosion and hunt giant insects.

It's just that the live broadcast of Korean won is destined to be just a small episode in the evolution of technological advancement and civilization, and it is destined not to be very long.

Maybe in the future when he has the ability, he will investigate where these bugs come from.

As for now, it's better to complete the system tasks honestly to get more rewards.

Before the smelting of gamma nickel started, scientists from all over the world moved their benches, paper and pens, and were ready to record various information and data at any time.

Even scientists and experts who are not majors in materials and controllable nuclear fusion have cast their eyes on it.

Because of nickel, in the current human research, it has not yet found any allotrope.

That is, this gamma nickel is a new material.

For the development of science and technology, the emergence of each new material can play a greater or lesser role in promoting.

In particular, the material that appeared this time is a new type of metal, and it is also a material that can be applied to controllable nuclear fusion technology, which has aroused everyone's curiosity and attention.

After finishing the preparations, Han Yuan pulled the camera over and said, "Everyone knows the materials for this smelting."

"Nickel is a metal material that everyone is quite familiar with."

"It has a very high polishing and corrosion resistance, and it belongs to one of the iron series elements. The planet under our feet, her earth core is mainly composed of two elements, iron and nickel."

"And gamma nickel is an allotrope of it."

"Gamma nickel and pure nickel are the same element, except that one is an allotrope and the other is an original element."

"Pure nickel is a material with a 'face-centered cubic' crystal structure, while gamma nickel has a 'hexagonal closest-packed' crystal structure."

"The biggest difference between the two is here."

After a pause, Han Yuan pulled the camera to the smelting equipment aside.

"This is the equipment used to smelt gamma nickel, including high-temperature furnaces, electric arc furnaces, extractors, electrolysis equipment, autoclaves, and centrifuges."

"Through these devices, the crystal structure of pure nickel can be changed step by step, and finally transformed into gamma nickel, so that its crystal structure changes from a face-centered cubic to a hexagonal closest-packed body."

"."

After briefly introducing the equipment and materials needed to smelt gamma nickel, Won started the smelting process.

The nickel bricks exchanged from the system mall with technology points are piled up in the factory building, shining with silvery white light. Visual inspection shows that the purity of these nickel bricks is quite high.

Korean Won will clean the nickel bricks one by one through special equipment to remove the dust and other impurities falling on them.

While processing, he explained some basic requirements for the preparation of gamma nickel.

"The preparation of gamma nickel has high requirements for the raw material - pure nickel, and the minimum requirement is that the purity of nickel should reach 90.00% or more."

"Before smelting nickel materials, further cleaning of pure nickel is required to prevent impurities such as dust attached to pure nickel from following up in the smelting furnace."

"If the purity is too low, or if impurities are attached, the quality of the final gamma nickel produced will not be up to standard, and it will not be able to be processed into materials for neutron radiation resistance."

"."

The purity of nickel will indeed affect the purity of gamma nickel, and even affect the formation of gamma nickel to a certain extent.

This point won is not talking nonsense.

Normally, the difference in properties between allotropes is mainly manifested in physical properties, and the reason for the difference in properties is the difference in structure.

However, the conversion between allotropes is a chemical change, but not a redox reaction.

Many people may feel that the conversion between allotropes is a chemical change, which is nonsense.

After all, no matter how many types of allotropes there are, they all belong to the same element.

In this way, no matter how they are converted, no new substances appear.

But in fact, those who have this idea only have a superficial understanding of the difference between chemical changes and physical changes.

The only difference between physical change and chemical change is whether there is new substance formation, among which new substance formation is chemical change, and no new substance formation is physical change.

For example, iron rusting in the air and turning into iron oxide is a chemical change, because new substances are formed.

The vaporization of liquid water into gaseous water under heating is a physical change, because both liquid water and gaseous water belong to the same substance, and this process is called evaporation.

This is something in high-altitude textbooks, but in fact, in the material world, this division is more detailed.

For example, there are many isotopes of carbon, among which diamond and graphite should be the most well-known allotropes of carbon.

Both materials are composed of pure carbon molecules, and both substances have only pure carbon elements.

If it is defined according to the material on the periodic table, it is indeed the same substance, because they are all carbon.

It’s just that in the material world, there is a more detailed division. Graphite and diamond are indeed two different substances because their structures are completely different.

Graphite is a layered structure, and the C atoms in each layer form regular hexagons, and the layers are connected by van der Waals force.

Diamond has a regular tetrahedral structure, and each C is connected to each other by covalent bonds, and its performance is very stable.

The more top-notch something is, the more detailed it is for the division and distinction of different substances within the discipline.

The same goes for allotropes.

In fact, the transformation between allotropes is normally carried out by high temperature, high pressure and other means.

For example, if graphite is converted into diamond, graphite can be converted into diamond powder by using metal iron, cobalt, nickel, etc. as catalysts at a pressure of 5 to 6 atmospheres and a high temperature of [-] to [-] degrees.

Although both graphite and diamond are carbon elements, during the conversion of graphite into diamond, the chemical bonds of carbon molecules are broken and reorganized, and the crystal structure is also reconstructed, so the two are considered to be two different substances.

Not only graphite and diamond, but in reality, when scientists from all over the world search for allotropes and convert them, they are basically carried out under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure.

Because if other conditions are mixed, it is very likely that the obtained item is not an allotrope, but a compound of this element.

Especially for metal-based materials, it is more difficult to find their allotropes.

For example, iron, which is also a metal, has been found in three different allotropes of α-Fe, γ-Fe and δ-Fe after a long time of searching by scientists.

Although the quantity is small, the manufacturing method is actually very simple, which is to use pure iron to do different treatments under different temperatures and pressures.

Unlike the many allotropes of carbon, the allotropes of iron are slightly different.

For example, when pure iron is below 912°C, the iron atoms are arranged into a body-centered cubic lattice, which is called α-iron;
Between 912°C and 1394°C, iron atoms are arranged into a face-centered cubic lattice, called γ-iron;
Above 1394°C, the iron atoms rearrange into a body-centered cubic lattice, called δ-iron.

In fact, when iron is at normal temperature, it is ordinary α-iron, and only when the temperature breaks through a certain critical point, it will convert into γ-Fe and δ-Fe.

This is where the allotropes of iron differ from the allotropes of carbon.

Different allotropes of carbon can be stored at room temperature, but iron cannot.

Of course, there is also a way to keep iron allotropes, such as γ-Fe and δ-Fe, at room temperature.

The method is also very simple. Through rapid quenching, part of the austenite in the pure iron can not be transformed in time. After cooling down, it will coexist with most of the martensite at room temperature.

That is, the so-called γ-Fe, δ-Fe and α-Fe coexist.

It's just that austenite is a high-temperature phase, which needs to be formed and preserved in a high-temperature environment. It is not a balanced structure at room temperature, and this coexistence cannot be preserved for a long time.

Therefore, over time, the presence of γ-Fe and δ-Fe will cause the overall deformation of the iron metal, which will eventually lead to deformation, cracks or even breakage of the iron metal or iron alloy.

Gamma nickel, in fact, has similar properties to γ-Fe and δ-Fe, and it also belongs to a special eutectic body.

Under normal circumstances, gamma nickel only exists in a high temperature and high pressure environment.

But through a series of means, it can be preserved at room temperature and maintain a certain shape.

This is the key point of how to smelt gamma nickel.

Scientists from various countries have been unable to find the stable allotrope of nickel, because the gamma nickel transformed by nickel under ordinary high temperature and high pressure is mixed in pure nickel, it is difficult to judge the different properties, and it is also difficult to separate and purify it .

In the live broadcast room, the smelting of gamma nickel has been going on.

The nickel bricks sent into the smelting furnace began to melt under the condition of vacuum, high pressure and high temperature. Han Yuan squatted in front of the instrument and waited for this process. By the way, he explained the key points of making gamma nickel.

"In the process of manufacturing gamma nickel, in addition to the high degree of guarantee of the pure nature of pure nickel, in the first step of melting nickel, it is also necessary to ensure that the smelting furnace is a controlled temperature, pressure, and vacuum environment."

"Because most metals, including nickel, are melted and exposed to air, an oxide or nitride layer will form on the surface."

"Excessive nickel oxide will also affect the forming rate of gamma nickel, so this needs to be controlled in the process of smelting gamma nickel."

"."

With that said, the pure nickel bricks in the reactor were almost melted.

Through the automatic program control of the integrated chip computer, a layer of solution floating on the surface of the pure nickel solution is cleaned off by a special mechanical arm with tools.

The remaining pure nickel solution is quickly transferred by the robotic arm.

In another facility, these hot molten nickel solutions are rapidly cooled down.

In just 30 seconds, the pure nickel solution, which was originally as high as more than 500 degrees, was cooled to tens of degrees.

On the surface of the nickel bricks formed by cooling, because the quenching speed is too fast, wide cracks are formed, and the whole nickel ore is so cracked that it feels like it will be broken into countless pieces when picked up.

But that's exactly the effect the won needs.

Nickel is a ferrophilic metal with some properties of iron. During the smelting process, it also needs to be quenched quickly to prevent the allotropes formed in the nickel solution from being transformed in time, and to cool rapidly so that they can be preserved at room temperature.

(End of this chapter)